Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.34 Published:05 December 2024

  Wide Sowing in Narrow Rows Sowing Technology of Wheat ZHOU Daowei, WANG Shuyong, SHI Jibo, SHEN Jun, MENG Fanguo, CHEN Guang, ZHI Jian, WANG Yiming, HU Juan, LI Qiang 2024, 40 (34):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0039 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 28 ) In order to improve the utilization efficiency of farmland and increase the wheat yield per unit area, wheat sowing production experiment of the ‘wide sowing in narrow row’ was carried out through the transformation of the ‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’ wheat sower, and a designed experiment was conducted for checking the wheat yield change in 15 cm narrow row with sowing belt increased. The results showed that the ‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’ wheat sower’s opener could be transformed into the ‘wide sowing in narrow row’ sower’s opener, and the sowing belt increased from 2.6, 2.9 cm to 7.6 cm, and the area of the sowing belt increased by 176% on average. Within a limited row, the wheat yield per unit area increased with the increase of sowing belt width; the ‘wide sowing in narrow row’ yield increased by 11.3% to 17.3% than the ‘narrow sowing in narrow rows’. The direct cause of the yield increase per unit area of ‘wide sowing in narrow row’ is that the area per plant, the number and proportion of large plants increased, the number and proportion of small plants decreased, and the yield of small plants increased. ‘Narrow sowing in narrow row’ wheat sower needs to be reformed to improve the utilization efficiency of wheat land and develop efficient wheat farming.

  Influence of Altitude on Quality and Microbial Community Structure of Yunnan Produced Cigar Tobacco Leaves ZHOU Xiao, HE Fuying, YU Ziyun, LU Xin, DONG Junzhong, WANG Yue, WANG Bingbing, LI Tian, LIU Yan 2024, 40 (34):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0429 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 30 ) To investigate the impact of planting altitude on the quality and microbial community structure of Yunnan produced cigar, the sensory quality, neutral aroma components, and microbial community structure of the main cigar variety ‘Yunxue No.39’ cultivated at four different altitudes in Yuxi City were examined. The results showed that the sensory quality scores of ‘Yunxue No.39’ decreased in the order of Ganzhuang (medium- low altitude), Lijiang (low altitude), Wadie (medium- high altitude), and Yinyuan (high altitude). The samples from medium-low altitude areas had sufficient aroma quantity, rich aroma types, less offensive odor, weak irritation, and good aftertaste. A total of 31 major neutral aroma components were detected, and the content of these components from high to low was carotenoid degradation products, chlorophyll degradation products, phenylalanine conversion products, and cembrane degradation products, with a large variation in the content of each monomer component. There were differences in the structural composition and relative abundance of the surface bacterial communities of cigar tobacco leaves at different altitudes. The Ganzhuang samples at medium-low altitude had the largest total number of OTUs, the largest number of unique OTUs, and the richest bacterial community diversity. The unidentified-chloroplast and Chryseobacterium were the key genera contributing to the differences in the bacterial community structure of tobacco leaves. The metabolic pathways of the samples at different planting altitudes were mainly signal transduction and cell processes, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, genetic information processing, and carbohydrate metabolism, but the abundances of these metabolic pathways differed at different altitudes. This study indicated that different altitudes had significant impact on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves and the structure of microbial colonies.

  Analysis of Characteristics of Research Papers on Nitrogen Utilization in Crop Intercropping Cultivation in China from 2000 to 2022 DONG Kuijun, ZHANG Yitao, XI Bin, LIU Hanwen 2024, 40 (34):  15-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0065 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2046KB )   ( 23 ) Clarifying the differences in the characteristics of Chinese and English articles on farmland intercropping can better provide theoretical support and reference for carrying out researches in the field, condensing results and publishing high-level articles under the new situation. In this study, CiteSpace software was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of keyword co-occurrence and keyword burst to analyze the characteristics of Chinese and English literatures in the field of nitrogen utilization in intercropping system in 2000-2022, using the literatures related to nitrogen utilization in intercropping system in Web of Science (WOS) core database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the research objects. It was found that the Chinese and English publications of nitrogen research in intercropping system have been quite different. In the first decade, Chinese publications were mainly focused on the economic and environmental benefits of nitrogen regulation in intercropping system under different external conditions. However, in recent years, the number of English publications has far exceeded the number of Chinese publications, and many highly cited articles have been published in journals with great international influence. The journals with the largest number of articles in Chinese were mainly domestic well-known journals such as Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Acta Agronomica Sinica and Scientia Agricultura Sinica. The journals with the largest number of articles in English were mainly foreign mainstream journals such as Plant and Soil and Field Crops Research, and the impact factors were all above 3.5 points. The institutions with the most Chinese publications were mainly Yunnan Agricultural University and Sichuan Agricultural University. From the perspective of the number of English publications, China Agricultural University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the main contributors. Compared with the keywords published in Chinese and English journals, the research content has certain similarities, mainly focusing on yield, maize, wheat, soil, nitrogen and nitrogen utilization efficiency. However, in recent years, there have been some differences in research hotspots. The published English articles focused on microorganisms and nitrogen research at a large scale, while the published Chinese articles still focused on increasing production and efficiency, focusing on economic benefits while taking into account environmental benefits. On the basis of theoretical research, they paid more attention to the application of technology, which can be replicated and more operable. Although the number of articles published and the level of research in this field have increased rapidly in China, the number of Chinese articles has been relatively reduced, and there is a lack of influential English mainstream journals in China. In the future, we should pay more attention to the combination of theory and practice, establish professional Chinese journals or set up special sections, open up the boundary between Chinese and English articles, and serve the production practice. At the same time, diversified intercropping planting and its microbial and genetic research should be carried out, and the research and development and application of supporting agricultural machinery and equipment should be promoted to promote farmland biodiversity, ecological effects and agricultural sustainable development potential.

  Detection of Disease Resistance Genes in 233 Medium Fruit Tomato Isolates WANG Shanshan, WANG Chenyu, YANG Chaosha, CAI Xiaoyi, YIN Qingzhen 2024, 40 (34):  24-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0012 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 3708KB )   ( 15 ) In order to screen the resources of medium fruit tomato with multiple resistances and provide material basis for tomato disease resistance breeding, using 28 medium fruit tomato varieties introduced by our research group as materials, 17 resistance genes of 12 diseases were detected by five-primer amplification inhibited mutation system (PARMS) method, including yellow leaf curl virus resistance genes Ty-1 and Ty-5, tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene Tm-2a, root nematode resistance genes Mi1.2 and Mi2.3, Fusarium crown and root rot resistance gene Frl, leaf mold resistance genes Cf-5 and Cf-9, grey leaf spot resistance genes Sm, wilt resistance gene I-2, late blight resistance gene Ph-3, bacterial wilt resistance genes Bwr12 and Bwr6, bacterial speck resistance gene Pto, bacterial spot resistance gene Rx4, Verticillium wilt resistance gene Ve1 and Ve2. Among the 233 isolates, there were 222, 215, 198 and 194 isolates containing the resistance genes Ve1, Sm, Ve2 and Mi1.2, respectively. The isolates with 7 and 8 resistance genes were 55 and 50, respectively. 140 isolates were with 8 or more resistance genes, accounting for 60%. 3 isolated strains containing 12 resistance genes were screened, which were 2-2, 5-4 and 21-3. And there were 21 isolated strains containing 11 resistance genes, which were 1-1, 1-3, 2-3, 2-4, 2-7, 2-8, 4-2, 4-4, 4-5, 5-7, 5-8, 8-1, 8-7, 8-8, 12-1, 12-2, 12-5, 18-7, 18-8, 20-8, 26-2. Polyresistant tomato resources were abundant. In this study, a number of medium fruit tomato resources with multiple antibodies were obtained, and the next step can be purification of the isolated single strain, providing a material basis for screening medium fruit tomato with multiple antibodies.

  Screening and Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria of Tussilago farfara and Its Inoculation Effect ZHANG Lihui, FENG Dan, BAI Bianxia, JIN Tingting, REN Jiahong 2024, 40 (34):  33-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0014 Abstract + ( 65 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2294KB )   ( 99 ) Growth-promoting characteristics and effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) strains isolated from the rhizosphere and root system of Tussilago farfara were studied, in order to provide potential strains for the high-yield cultivation of T. farfara. PGPR strains were obtained by dilution-plating method, and their growth-promoting characteristics were analyzed. These strains were identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical BIOLOG and 16s rDNA sequence. The inoculation effects of these strains on seedlings of T. farfara were examined by a pot-culture experiment. The results showed that three high-yielding IAA strains were selected from the rhizosphere soil and roots of T. farfara, named Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens (KD6B), Klebsiella oxytoca (KD17B) and K. areogenes (KD26B), which had effects of solubilize phosphorus, produce siderophore, salt tolerance, drought tolerance and antagonism. Three strains significantly increased the number of leaves, leaf area, root length and diversity index of rhizosphere soil microbial community of T. farfara seedlings. Among them, KD17B had the most obvious effect, with the number of leaves, leaf area and root length increasing by 36.36%, 29.21% and 54.07% respectively, and the average color change rate (AWCD), Shannon index and McIntosh index were the largest. Three PGPR strains have significant growth-promoting effects on T. farfara and regulate the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial community, which have high application value in the high-yield cultivation of T. farfara.

  Growth Characteristics of Switchgrass in Mu Us Sandy Land of Northern Shaanxi YANG Hang, LI Yixuan, LI Qiang, LIU Xiaoming, YANG Tao, LUO Zhumei, LIU Jiangtao 2024, 40 (34):  42-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0896 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 22 ) The adaptability evaluation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was assessed to establish a foundation for selecting switchgrass varieties in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi. A comprehensive evaluation system was established by observing the agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, leaf area, biomass, seedling emergence rate), physiological characteristics (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate), and soil physical properties (water content, bulk weight, porosity) of 12 switchgrass varieties. This system adopted the principal component analysis method to assess the adaptability of switchgrass. There were significant differences in the indicators of plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, biomass and seedling emergence rate among the 12 species of switchgrass. Specifically, the plant height and leaf area of YM-9 were 115 cm and 59.20 cm2, respectively, the number of tillers of YM-2 was 93, the biomass of YM-6 was 153.98 g/cm2, and the seedling emergence rate of YM-5 was 48.50%. These varieties showed significantly superior indicators compared to the other varieties. The following correlations were observed. A significant negative correlation between soil bulk weight and plant height and soil porosity, with a correlation coefficient over 0.65; a highly significant positive correlation between yield and seedling emergence rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.82; a significant positive correlation between yield and biomass, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63; and a highly significant positive correlation between transpiration rate of plant leaves and net photosynthetic rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. YM-2 achieved the highest composite score (1.144) and was identified as most suitable switchgrass variety for large-scale cultivation in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern Shaanxi among the 12 switchgrass varieties.

  Growing Performance of Toona ciliata from Different Provenances Introduced in Wuhan for 8 Years ZHANG Yadong, CHEN Huiling, HUANG Guowei, ZHOU Guoqing, ZHANG Xinye 2024, 40 (34):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0118 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 9 ) In order to reasonably evaluate the adaptability and productivity of exotic Toona ciliata provenances introduced in Wuhan, four T. ciliata provenances were used as experimental materials, the growth traits such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height at 2, 4, 6 and 8 a, as well as the Pilodyn detection value and the basic density indexes of wood in the 8-year-old T. ciliata were investigated and determined. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in DBH, tree height and volume of 8 a trees among different provenances. The average value of 8-year-old Pilodyn detection value (Pn) of the four provenances was 46.53 mm, and the average values of the south-facing outer wood density (Ds) and the south-facing whole wood density (Db) were 0.3938 and 0.38845 g/cm3 respectively, and there were highly significant differences in these three wood properties among different provenances. Regression analysis showed that there was a highly significant negative linear correlation between Pn and Db and between Pn and Ds. Pearson’s correlation analysis among all individuals of different provenances showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between DBH, tree height, and volume of lumber at 8 a, as well as a highly significant positive correlation between the growth indicators and the value of Pn, but a highly significant negative correlation between the value of Pn and the values of Ds and Db, and a highly significant positive correlation between the values of Ds and Db.

  Leaf Structure of Five Shrubs in Road Dividing Strip Habitats of Nanning City and Its Environmental Adaptability LIU Zihua, YU Yuzhu, LI Qiuli, LIU Yun, ZHU Liqiong, WANG Xuan 2024, 40 (34):  56-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0138 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 16 ) In order to understand the adaptation strategy of plants to the special habitat of urban expressway, the leaf anatomical structure of five shrubs, which are Allamanda schottii, Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’, Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora chinensis and Fagraea ceilanica, growing in road dividing strip of Nanning City was studied using isolation and paraffin section. By measuring or calculating 12 quantitative indexes such as leaf thickness, main vein thickness and stomatal density, the adaptive characteristics of various plant leaves to special environment were further analyzed by using multiple comparison and principal component analysis. The results showed that: (1) all five plants had heterophyllous leaves, which were composed of epidermis, mesophyll and veins, and stomata were only distributed in the lower epidermis. (2) The stomatal density, leaf and sponge tissue thickness were significantly different among all plants, and other indicators were also different in different degrees, indicating that the adaptation strategies of different plants were different: the six maxima and two sub-maxima of Fagraea ceilanica showed their remarkable adaptability. However, Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’, which had eight minima, responded to unfavorable conditions with the maximum stomatal density and tight mesophyll tissue. The unique “compound epidermis” form of Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’ made the upper and lower epidermis reach the maximum, and at the same time reduces the consumption with the minimum stomatal density. The thickest cuticle in Allamanda schottii was used to prevent excessive transpiration on the leaves, while the thicker cuticle and greater mesophyll compactness were used to reduce its own consumption in Ixora chinensis. (3) The comprehensive order of environmental adaptability of five greening shrubs to the road dividing strip were as follows: Fagraea ceilanica> Ixora chinensis> Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’> Allamanda schottii> Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’.

  Life History of Allium saxatile and Analysis of Major Nutrients and Functional Components BAYIYA Tuoliewuhan, WANG Le, WANG Yufei, GUO Yan, LIN Chenyi 2024, 40 (34):  63-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0120 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 12 ) To effectively protect and develop the Xinjiang wild Allium resource, Allium saxatile, its annual life history and main nutritional and functional components were analyzed. Under ex-situ conditions, the characteristics of the time, temperature, and sunlight duration during each period of A. saxatile annual life cycle from germination to dormancy were observed and compared with those of A. tuberosum. The main nutritional and functional components of the whole plant were analyzed. The study revealed that the annual life cycle of A. saxatile began in early March, entered reproductive growth in May-June, and ended in early November with features of secondary growth and tillering during this period. The crude fiber and vitamin C contents of A. saxatile were 36.12% and 47.00% higher than those of A. tuberosum respectively. Its allicin content was 48.13% higher than that of A. tuberosum. The DPPH· scavenging ability, O2-· scavenging rate, ·OH scavenging rate, and total Fe3+ reducing power of A. saxatile were all higher than those of A. tuberosum and increased with the increase of the test concentration of the ethanol extract. Correlation and principal component analysis indicated that vitamin C, crude fiber, and total phenol content were the main nutritional and functional components of A. saxatile. Its antioxidant capacity was mainly reflected in the O2-· scavenging rate and total Fe3+ reducing power. There was a highly significant positive correlation between total phenol content and both the O2-· scavenging rate and DPPH· scavenging ability (r=1). A. saxatile is tolerant to low temperatures but not high temperatures, blooms under long-day conditions. The whole plant of A. saxatile is edible, and its nutritional and functional components related to its antioxidant capacity. As a functional vegetable with both edible and medicinal value, A. saxatile has extremely high development and utilization potential.

  Effects of Red and Blue Light Ratios on Growth and Flavor Quality of Hydroponic Chinese Chives LI Wei, TONG Jing, WANG Liping, LIU Ning, WANG Baoju, JI Yanhai, WU Zhanhui 2024, 40 (34):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0942 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 146 ) In order to select the optimal red and blue light ratio for the growth of hydroponic leeks in an artificial light plant factory hydroponic system, Chinese chives ‘791’ were utilized as test materials, and five different red and blue light ratio treatments (R:B) were established, namely T2 (1:1), T3 (3:1), T4 (5:1), T5 (7:1), and T6 (9:1). A white light treatment (T1) was employed as a control. The impact of varying red and blue light ratios on the growth indicators, physiological markers, and flavor quality of hydroponic Chinese chives was studied. The results showed that compared with the control, treatments from T2 to T4 had no significant effect on the growth indicators of Chinese chives, but significantly increased yield. The yield increases for T4, T5, and T6 treatments reached 38.10%, 41.26%, and 57.19% respectively. Although the T6 treatment significantly improved the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo), the total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin content decreased significantly by 32.43%, 31.18%, and 55.68% respectively. Flavor analysis showed that an increase in the proportion of red light promoted the production of specific flavor substances such as W5S, W2S, and CSO, while the content of W1S decreased correspondingly. In the T6 treatment, the increase in high red light proportion promoted growth, yield, and accumulation of specific flavor substances, while reduced nutritional value and photosynthetic pigment content. Comprehensive analysis of yield, nutritional quality, and flavor factors suggested that in the cultivation of chives, it was recommended to use a red-blue light ratio range of T4 (R:B=5:1) to T5 (R:B=7:1), which can yield higher outputs and superior flavor quality in Chinese chives cultivation.

  Research Progress on Response Mechanism of Lycium barbarum to Heavy Metal Stress in Soil WEI Xiangning, LIU Genhong, XIAO Ming 2024, 40 (34):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0151 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 22 ) This study briefly describes the impact of pollution by five heavy metal elements, namely cadmium, chromium, arsenic, vanadium, and copper, on the growth and quality of Lycium barbarum and other crops. It summarizes the mechanisms of L. barbarum to cope with the stress of cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and other five heavy metals, as well as the research progress on detoxification of heavy metal stress at the subcellular level in L. barbarum. The study points out the existing problems in current research on L. barbarum response to heavy metal stress and future research directions, such as the migration and transformation of heavy metal content between soil and various parts of the L. barbarum, including roots, stems, branches, leaves, and fruits, the response mechanisms of L. barbarum to heavy metal stress, and molecular mechanisms, in order to provide references for the application and improvement of clean cultivation of L. barbarum.

  Study on Seasonal Variation and Nutrient Elements Correlations in Green Pomelo Leaves CHEN Hongjie, ZHANG Jianchun 2024, 40 (34):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0159 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 8 ) The paper aims to study the seasonal dynamic characteristics of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn elements in mature green pomelo leaves and the correlations between them. Using the 3 and 6-year old mature green pomelo forest as investigation subject, samples were collected 1 time around every month to determine the nutrient element content in mature leaves, the seasonal variation characteristics were analyzed, and the correlations between the elements were evaluated. The result showed that the contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of two different age green pomelo were basically the same. Large and medium amounts of nutrient element annual contents in mature leaves of green pomelo were arranged in the following order: Ca> N> K> Mg> P, while the content of trace elements were arranged in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu. There were obvious differences in the contents of each nutrient element in the whole growth period. The variation of K in content of macro-elements and mid-elements was the largest, and the variation of Cu in content of micro-elements was the largest. The contents of 9 nutrient elements changed regularly with the seasons, and the changing trend of trees at two different ages was almost identical. There are mutually promoting or antagonistic relations among various nutrient elements in the leaves of green pomelo. The results can provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in proper time, suitable fertilizer and proper amount in cultivation of green pomelo.

  Effects of Fertilizer Application Rates on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefit of ‘Tainong’ Mango FAN Jiahui, LI Huadong, CHENG Ningning, LIN Dian 2024, 40 (34):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0321 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1229KB )   ( 61 ) In order to understand the effect of fertilizer application amount on yield and quality of ‘Tainong’ mangoes, principal component analysis and principal component score were introduced to evaluate the fertilizer effect of different fertilizer application amounts, so as to guide the scientific application of fertilizer in ‘Tainong’ mangoes production. Three fertilizer application levels were set for treatment, including N 322.92 g/plant+ P2O5 96.88 g/plant+ K2O 322.93 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (A), N 248.40 g/plant+ P2O5 74.52 g/plant+ K2O 248.40 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (B), N 173.88 g/plant+ P2O5 57.38 g/plant+ K2O 177.29 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (C). The effects of different fertilizer application rates on yield, quality and economic benefits of mango were studied. The test results showed that there were significant differences in vertical stem, transverse stem and fruit thickness among different treatments, but no significant differences in fruit type index. The external quality of fruit treated with A and C was better than that treated with B. There was no significant difference in yield among different treatments, but significant difference in fertilizer output rate among different treatments, and C treatment had the highest fertilizer output rate (4.33 g/g). The economic benefit of treatment A and C was higher than that of treatment B, among which the economic benefit of treatment C was the highest (103,230.61 yuan/hm2), and the economic benefit of treatment A and C was increased by 143.19 and 8169.15 yuan/hm2, respectively, compared with treatment B. The comprehensive scores of fruit type index, intrinsic quality and yield index were A>B>C. Through reasonable adjustment of fertilizer application amount, fertilizer consumption can be reduced to achieve stable yield and improve economic benefit.

  Effects of Application Amount of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Agronomic Trait and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema QUAN Biyu, HE Anna, SU Lei, LI Shenghua, LI Changling 2024, 40 (34):  94-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0031 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1208KB )   ( 31 ) This study was conducted to investigate the demand of biological organic fertilizer for Polygonatum cyrtonema during cultivation. Four treatments were set up, with 100, 125, 150, and 175 g/plant of bio-logical organic fertilizer being applied as base fertilizer, respectively. After the seedlings emerge in April and replanting in November each year, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g/plant of bio-organic fertilizer were applied respectively. Three years later, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and morphological characteristics of P. cyrtonema in different treatment groups were measured. The results showed that the daily changes of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of P. cyrtonema showed a “bimodal” curve, and photosynthesis was mainly limited by stomatal factors. The average daily net photosynthetic rate showed: 100 g group> 75 g group> 125 g group> 150 g group. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values ΦPSⅡ, ETR, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, qP and qN were all the highest in the 100 g group. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the 100 g group were higher than those in the other three groups. Specific leaf weight and tuber dry weight were also highest in the 100 g group. P. cyrtonema do not tolerate high doses of fertilizers. It is recommended that planting P. cyrtonema can be applied with base fertilizer 125 g/plant, and follow-up fertilizer 100 g/plant.

  Effects of Two Soil Improvement Techniques on Growth Characteristics and Soil Properties of Acer rubrum LIANG Jing, YANG Ruiqing, FENG Shucheng 2024, 40 (34):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0079 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 11 ) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two soil improvement techniques (module soils and formula soils) on the growth characteristics and soil properties of street trees of Acer rubrum, to provide reference for the scientific cultivation of street trees in urban areas. In Qiqing Road, Shanghai, three kinds of soil were used to plant A. rubrum, namely control soils, module soils and formula soils. Then, the growth characteristics and soil properties of A. rubrum were investigated and analyzed. Compared with the control soils, the leaf area, leaf area index, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of A. rubrum significantly increased in the formula soils; the leaf area index and total nitrogen contents of A. rubrum significantly increased in the module soils. Compared with the control soils, the module soil and formula soil increased the contents of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and total chlorophyll in leaves. In addition, compared with the control soil, the soil polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, pH, total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents significantly increased in the formula soils, and only the polyphenol oxidase and pH of soil significantly increased in the module soils. According to the growth condition, physiological characteristics and soil properties, both the module soils and formula soils had a certain effect on the growth of A. rubrum, but the formula soils had a better performance, which may be more suitable for the planting of A. rubrum.

  Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Soil Properties of Greenhouse Vegetable SU Guijun, LOU Ling, LI Dan, SHEN Jianguo, CHEN Haoran, HE Linhai, WANG Jingwen 2024, 40 (34):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0060 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 27 ) Taking ‘Shanghaiqing’ as the object, the effects of 4 different types of bio-organic fertilizer on the yield, quality and soil properties of greenhouse vegetable were studied to determine the best bio-organic fertilizer type suitable for promotion in Yuhang district, Hangzhou. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer could promote the growth of green vegetable, increase chlorophyll concentration, improve agronomic traits and increase biological yield. Compared with the control group, the application of Original bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on promoting growth and increasing yield, with plant height, leaf number, root length and biological yield increased by 19.1%, 11.7%, 27.7% and 9.2%. Senjing bio-organic fertilizer had the second effect, which increased plant height, leaf number, root length and biological yield by 16.0%, 14.5%, 17.5% and 6.6%. In addition, the application of bio-organic fertilizer could enhance soil organic matter and nutrient content. The contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were increased by 6.7%, 18.4%, 4.9% and 2.2%, respectively. Among them, the application of Tanggu bio-organic fertilizer had the largest increase in soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium, and the application of Zhinong bio-organic fertilizer and Original bio-organic fertilizer had the largest increase in soil organic matter content. Based on the above results, the Original bio-organic fertilizer and the Senjing bio-organic fertilizer could be used as the advantageous fertilizers for demonstration and popularization in the greenhouse vegetable in this region.

  Effects of Application Levels of Oyster Shell Powder Soil Conditioner on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Agronomic Properties and Quality of Eggplant CHEN Zhi, YAN Dunwei, HUANG Qiang, HUANG Zhi, CHEN Hailing, GUO Yuanzhen 2024, 40 (34):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0204 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 56 ) The study aims to explore the effects of oyster shell powder soil conditioner on soil physicochemical property and growth and quality of eggplant, and to select the optimal application amount in eggplant field cultivation. We chose ‘Nongyou 704’ as the test object, set conventional fertilization as CK and the oyster shell powder application levels of 750 kg/hm2(T1), 1500 kg/hm2(T2), 2250 kg/hm2(T3), 3000 kg/hm2(T4), 3750 kg/hm2(T5) as different treatments. The results showed that different soil conditioner doses could increase the chlorophyll content and plant height of eggplants, promote the development of eggplant fruits. The eggplants chlorophyll content (in the bud stage), plant height (in the bud stage), single fruit weight, and fruit longitudinal diameter of T4 treatment were significantly higher than CK with the increases of 3.25%, 7.24%, 8.50% and 5.75%, respectively. There was a certain improvement in the quality of eggplant fruit, with an increase of 2.3%-13.7% in calcium content compared to CK. Applying oyster shell powder as a soil conditioner could reduce soil particle density, increase the content of nitrogen and potassium elements in the soil, and increase the content of available nutrients in the soil. The content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium increased by 6.98% (T5) and 42.39% (T4) compared to CK, respectively. According to principal component analysis, the application amount of oyster shell powder soil conditioner 3000 kg/hm2 is the most suitable amount for eggplant field production and cultivation.

  Risk Assessment of Gale Disaster on Corn in Heilongjiang Province LIU Henan, ZHANG Hongling, XU Yongqing, ZHU Hongrui 2024, 40 (34):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0857 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 5534KB )   ( 69 ) In order to study the impact of gale disasters on corn crops in high latitudes, based on the theory of natural disaster risk and combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, this paper analyzed the risk factors of gale disasters in Heilongjiang Province, the environmental sensitivity of disaster, the exposure of disaster bearing bodies and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction, and carried out a comprehensive risk assessment. The research shows that the high incidence areas of corn gale disasters are concentrated in the southeast of Songnen Plain and the west of Sanjiang Plain. These areas have flat terrain, no large-scale vegetation coverage, high wind risk coefficient, large corn planting area and medium disaster prevention and mitigation ability. It is suggested that maize lodging damage could be prevented and controlled by giving priority to the selection of lodging-resistant varieties, sowing in warm and suitable climate, regularly reinforcing maize plants during planting, and taking measures such as mulching protection. The results provide a theoretical basis for the relevant departments to adjust the agricultural structure and formulate disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures and measures.

  Study on Disaster Risk Characteristics of Rainstorm in Mature Period of Actinidia arguta in Dandong Based on Information Diffusion Theory DONG Haitao, LIU Dongming, LI Runan, FANG Yihe 2024, 40 (34):  125-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0233 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 18 ) In order to fully understand the impact of rainstorm disaster on the maturity stage of Actinidia arguta, the meteorological data of the maturity stage of A. arguta at four stations in Dandong from 1991 to 2020 were used. The rainstorm with continuous 2 d or more than 2 d (daily precipitation ≥0.1 mm, and at least 1 d precipitation ≥50 mm) was used as the index of rainstorm disaster. Considering the frequency, intensity and duration, the grades of mild, moderate and severe rainstorm disasters were formulated. The variation law of rainstorm disaster of A. arguta was analyzed by the number of disasters and the ratio of stations. The risk probability of rainstorm disaster was evaluated based on information diffusion theory. The results showed that the number of days of rainstorm process in the mature period of A. arguta in the study area increased in 30 a, and the increase in Kuandian area was the largest, with an average increase of 0.4 d per 10 a, and the occurrence of rainstorm disaster might be higher. During the 30 years, the occurrence frequency of different grades of rainstorm in the mature period of A. arguta in the study area was mild> moderate> severe, and the risk probability of rainstorm disaster was consistent with it, which was 27.9%, 11.5% and 7.2%, respectively. At the same time, the high risk probability areas corresponding to the three grades of rainstorm disaster were Zhen’an, Donggang and Zhen’an. In summary, although the probability of rainstorm disaster risk in Kuandian area is not as high as that in Zhen’an and Donggang, the precipitation is higher than that in the two areas, indicating that Kuandian area is more prone to high-level rainstorm weather processes. The risk of rainstorm disaster in the mature stage of A. arguta in Dandong area is high, with wide range and heavy degree. The research results obtained the risk probability and return period law of different grades of rainstorm disasters at each station, which provided a reference for scientific response to rainstorm disasters in the mature stage of A. arguta.

  Investigation of Overwintering of Bactrocera dorsalis and Its Linear Fitting Evaluation GONG Zheng, GONG Qingtao, LU Ying, ZHANG Xiangquan, ZHU Tengfei, HU Xiping, WAN Guo, SHI Zhenli, ZHANG Kunpeng, ZHANG Anning 2024, 40 (34):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0026 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1640KB )   ( 50 ) This study selected late maturing wild peaches as the test material, used the fruit peeling method to investigate the damage rate, insect status, and activity of the Bactrocera dorsalis in the autumn and winter seasons in Shandong Province, combined with local temperature data, established a logistic regression curve. The relationship between temperature and larval mortality rate in the fruit was studied through correlation and gray correlation analysis. The overwintering status and survival status of the B. dorsalis were investigated using soil planing and net covering methods. The results showed that the damage rate of the B. dorsalis in Shandong region was gentle in the early stage and significantly increased in the later stage, exhibiting obvious linear characteristics. The number of 1st and 2nd instar larvae gradually decreased with the time, while the number of 3rd instar larvae increased. After November 23rd, the number of 1st instar larvae reached 0, indicating that the oviposition behavior of adults had basically stopped. Death began on November 16th, rapidly increased on November 23rd, and reached 100% on December 7th, indicating that the larvae were unable to overwinter within the fruit. The temperature indicators have reached a highly significant positive correlation level, while the mortality rate of larvae has reached a highly significant negative correlation level with each temperature, indicating that temperature has a significant impact on the mortality rate of B. dorsalis larvae. According to the logistic equation fitting analysis, it can be concluded that the time of larval death in the peach fruit of the B. dorsalis in Shandong Province is between November 9th and November 17th. This fitting calculation is consistent with the actual situation in the field. Calculating the grey correlation between the mortality rate of autumn and winter larvae and the simulated values of temperature indicators show that the highest temperature in the external environment during autumn and winter has the highest correlation with the mortality rate of larvae, followed by the average temperature, while the lowest temperature has the least impact. By studying the overwintering stage by stage and the annual evolution process of the B. dorsalis, it is believed that the B. dorsalis cannot overwinter in the field in Shandong region, and the local parasites are still invasive and migratory population, the focus of prevention and control should be on external invasion prevention.

  Application and Development Trend of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Crop Research TAN Yulei, LI Xueyan, ZHANG Liyuan 2024, 40 (34):  141-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0097 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 20 ) Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important technology for crop research. In order to promote the healthy development and basic research of crop growth cycle, improve the application level of remote sensing technology in crop research, this paper summarizes the analysis algorithms of hyperspectral in crop research, focus on the research progress of hyperspectral in crop growth, crop information monitoring, and crop information extraction. This paper systematically reviews the studies on leaf area index, biomass estimation, nitrogen monitoring, chlorophyll monitoring, pest and disease monitoring, heavy metal monitoring, crop carbon to nitrogen ratio, and water content, which still need to be further developed. Analysis shows that the combination of hyperspectral technology and artificial intelligence has achieved initial results in crop research which is still difficult to meet the intelligent needs of modern agriculture. If the new generation of information technology and large models are used to empower, enormous research potential will be unleashed.

  Effect of Classified Plaiting Method on Quality of Simplified Harvesting Tobacco FU Zhiwei, LI Qin, GUO Shiping, CHEN Peng, ZHANG Yuangai, CHEN Libo, WANG Xie, LYU Ji 2024, 40 (34):  149-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0485 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 3 ) The feasibility of classified plaiting under light and simplified harvesting is helpful to accelerate the application of four light and simple stratified harvesting technologies. Based on this, this paper evaluated the effect of classified plaiting method on tobacco leaf quality from three aspects of appearance quality, sensory quality and chemical composition coordination. And the advantages and disadvantages of this measure combined with the output value of tobacco leaf, packing efficiency and the demand of curing house were analyzed. The results showed as follows: (1) classified plaiting method could increase the yield of tobacco leaf by 8.83%. According to the purchase price of tobacco leaf in 2023, the output value of tobacco leaf increased by 8320 yuan/hm2. (2) Classified plaiting method could improve the yield and proportion of tobacco of all grades (except for C3F). Classified plaiting method improved the appearance quality and chemical composition coordination of upper and lower leaves, and improved the sensory quality of C3F. (3) The average time spent on each cigarette clip increased by 1 minute, and the efficiency of the cigarette clip was low. The increase in the number of single-time cigarette clips increased the demand for the barn, resulting in a 22.99% reduction in the service capacity of the barn. Classified plaiting method can improve the quality grade composition of tobacco leaves and increase the quality and yield of tobacco leaves, but it will decrease the efficiency of packing process and increase the pressure of curing house service. The large-scale application of light and simplified harvesting technology also needs to explore effective measures to improve the efficiency of plaiting method, and moderately adjust the construction of infrastructure such as curing barns.

  Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Chemical Components Availability of Upper Tobacco in Jiangxi Based on OPLS-DA JIAO Shaohe, WANG Nianlei, LIN Xiaofei, LI Zhuo, DING Yongliang, ZHANG Xiongfeng, HU Ronghua 2024, 40 (34):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0425 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 7 ) To explore a convenient and effective method for evaluating the industrial availability of chemical components in the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco, orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA) was used to establish a discriminant model between the main chemical components and sensory quality. Subsequently, combining fuzzy mathematics theory to establish an evaluation method, and the upper tobacco samples in Jiangxi Province in 2023 were classified based on this method. The results showed that the total sugar (26.98%), total nitrogen (2.04%), and potassium (2.46%) contents in the upper leaf samples of Jiangxi flue-cured tobacco were moderate, the sugar/alkali ratio (6.60) was low, and the chlorine content fluctuated greatly according to different production areas. The order of importance of chemical composition on sensory quality was sugar/alkali ratio, nicotine, reducing sugar, chlorine, total sugar, total nitrogen, nitrogen alkali ratio, starch, and potassium. In this study, 75 upper leaf samples were selected, among these, 33 samples were evaluated as grade I, accounting for 44.0%, 30 samples were evaluated as grade II, accounting for 40.0%, 12 samples were evaluated as grade III, accounting for 16.0%. This study was directed by sensory evaluation of smoking quality and established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model by chemical composition to classify tobacco leaves, providing reference for industrial usability evaluation of upper leaves.