Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.33 Published:25 November 2025

  A Review on Zinc-enriched Rice Research: A Multidimensional Exploration from Genetic Breeding to Nutritional Enhancement LYU Zhanxuan, LIU Guanming 2025, 41 (33):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0428 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1115KB )   ( 14 ) Zinc is an essential trace element for us. About 2 billion people in the world are suffering from hidden hunger caused by zinc deficiency. Zinc nutrition enhancement of rice is an efficient way to solve this problem. This review systematically synthesized advances in zinc-enriched rice research across genetic breeding, physiological mechanisms, and cultivation techniques. It summarized the application of molecular marker-assisted selection, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and space mutagenesis in developing high-zinc varieties; analyzed the functions of zinc transport proteins (e.g., OsZIP, OsHMA2) and nicotianamine (NA)-mediated zinc phloem transport; and reviewed the effects of cultivation practices such as basal and foliar zinc fertilization, phosphorus-zinc co-application, and rice-fish co-culture on grain zinc enrichment. The review pointed out that OsCKX4 overexpression lines achieved 58 mg/kg zinc in brown rice, while OsNAS overexpression doubled NA synthesis and significantly improved zinc allocation efficiency. It suggested that integrated cultivation techniques elevated grain zinc content to 42 mg/kg, with a yield of 12750 kg/hm2, achieving a synergistic ‘high yield-high zinc’ outcome. The review proposed that future efforts should integrate multi-omics and smart agriculture technologies to promote the industrialization of zinc-enriched rice and provide solutions for global zinc nutrition improvement.

  Effects of Spraying Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Growth of Rice Seedlings Under Low Temperature Stress ZHU Feifei, LU Chusheng, ZHANG Yufen, QIN Yuanyu, YIN Yuanhong, PENG Binfeng, YE Qunhuan, ZHONG Xuhua, PAN Junfeng, LIU Yanzhuo, HU Xiangyu, HU Rui, LI Meijuan, WANG Xinyu, LIANG Kaiming, FU Youqiang 2025, 41 (33):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0726 Abstract + ( 30 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 17 ) To alleviate the damage of low-temperature stress to rice seedlings, a rice cultivar ‘Qingxiangyou 19 xiang’ was used to compare the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 10, 100, 1000 µmol/L) by leaf spraying on the biomass, root system architecture, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of rice seedlings under low temperature (8℃) stress. The results showed that with the increase of salicylic acid concentration, the root system architecture, plant height, and biomass of the rice seedlings under low temperature treatment presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the indicators were highest in the seedlings sprayed with 10 µmol/L salicylic acid. Compared with the control, the total root length and plant height of rice seedlings increased by 36.49% and 17.14%, respectively, and the root biomass, shoot biomass, and total biomass increased by 46.02%, 16.60%, and 21.93%, the proline content and the peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 529.87% and 40.6%, the MDA content reduced by 37.04%, under 10 µmol/L salicylic acid treatment. The above results indicated that the 10 µmol/L salicylic acid alleviated the low-temperature stress of rice seedlings by increasing POD activity and proline content, and by reducing MDA content.

  Response Characteristics of Drought Stress and Its Physiological Regulatory Mechanisms in Spring Wheat Developmental Stages CHEN Fei, ZHAO Hong, WANG Heling, YANG Yang, WANG Runyuan, ZHANG Kai, ZHAO Funian, QI Yue, TANG Yurui, WEI Xingxing 2025, 41 (33):  14-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0033 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 46 ) To explore the response characteristics of spring wheat developmental stages to drought stress and its physiological regulatory mechanisms, and to scientifically address the challenges posed by climate change, ‘Dingxi New 24’ was selected as experimental material, and methods such as curve fitting and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the change characteristics in soil moisture, crop developmental stages, and physio-ecological parameters under two drought stress conditions: field and pot experiments. The results showed that: (1) under continuous drought stress, the booting, heading, and flowering stages of field wheat were shortened by 1 day, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively, while the milk stage was extended by 5 days. The heading stage of potted wheat was delayed by 2 days, and the flowering stage was shortened by 6 days. (2) The soil moisture stress factor, constructed based on exponential and linear models, could effectively simulate the developmental stages changes caused by drought stress. (3) When the soil relative humidity was between 45% and 53%, the photosynthetic physiological parameters and leaf water status indicators exerted a reverse regulatory effect on the advancement of the jointing-to-flowering stages in field wheat. When the soil relative humidity dropped below 45%, both factors then synergistically promoted an earlier milk stage. For potted wheat subjected to drought starting from the booting stage, all leaf physiological indicators worked together to prolong the heading stage. These findings provide a scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring, prediction, and impact assessment of drought in spring wheat in semi-arid regions.

  Regulation of Photosynthesis, Yield and Quality of Dryland Wheat by Spraying Different Foliar Fertilizer CHENG Jiasheng, GONG Ercong, LIU Lie, QIAO Xiangmei, WANG Zhiwei, WANG Zhilong, HUANG Tingzhi, CHENG Geng, HU Lingyi 2025, 41 (33):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0308 Abstract + ( 29 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 15 ) In this paper, the effects of different foliar fertilizer on photosynthesis, yield composition and quality of dryland wheat were studied to provide reference for high quality and efficient wheat cultivation. A field experiment was carried out in Songming, Yunnan Province in 2022, using the newly approved wheat varieties ‘Yunmai 80’ and ‘Yunmai 83’ as the research materials. Five foliar fertilizer treatments (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brassinolide, sodium nitrate, yield-increasing agent and their mixture) and water control (three replicates) were set up, spraying at the early heading stage according to the instructions. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of ‘Yunmai 80’ was higher than that of ‘Yunmai 83’ under different foliar fertilizer treatments, and the difference of net photosynthetic rate between the two varieties was significant to extremely significant. The highest net photosynthetic rate was observed in KH2PO4 treatment, while the lowest was in auxin treatment. The chlorophyll content of ‘Yunmai 83’ was slightly higher than that of ‘Yunmai 80’, and the overall chlorophyll content decreased under the treatment of foliar fertilizer. Without considering the variety factor, foliar fertilizer spraying significantly affected the number of fertile spikelets, degenerate spikelets and effective spikelet, and had little effect on the number of grains per spike and yield. However, all foliar fertilizers increased wheat yield. KH2PO4, brassinolactone, sodium complex nitrate and augmentol increased the yield by 10.02%, 9.56%, 9.35% and 15.11% when applied individually. In contrast, foliar fertilizer KH2PO4 + brassinolactone + sodium nitrate + augmentol mixed spraying led to a yield reduction of 6.74%. For ‘Yunmai 80’, the yield increases were 19.01%, 10.77%, 9.66% and 23.59% for the individual foliar fertilizers, with a 1.98% increase for the mixture. For ‘Yunmai 83’, the yield increases were 1.40%, 8.40%, 9.06% and 6.93% for the individual foliar fertilizers, with a 15.10% yield reduction for the mixture. Foliar spraying generally reduced the protein content and increased the hardness index. However, mixed spraying increased the protein content and decreased the hardness index. The effects on water absorption, stable time, wet gluten content and sedimentation value varied due to differences between varieties, with both positive and negative effects observed for foliar fertilizers. In summary, spraying single foliar fertilizer at heading stage can promote wheat growth and development, increase yield and improve quality indicators by enhancing photosynthesis. In this study, the comprehensive effects of several common foliar fertilizers on Yunnan dryland wheat were systematically compared for the first time. The results emphasized that the appropriate foliar fertilizer should be selected according to the variety characteristics and avoid blind mixing. This study provides an important theoretical and practical basis for the precise foliar fertilization management of dryland wheat in Yunnan under winter and spring drought conditions, which is helpful to improve the drought resistance, yield and quality of regional wheat production.

  A New Silage Corn Cultivar ‘Jinhui 658’: Breeding and Characteristics Evaluation in Silk Road Arid and Cold Region LEI Yuming, ZHENG Tianxiang, LI Huiwen, WANG Tingsan, WANG Aixia, GUAN Yuan 2025, 41 (33):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0785 Abstract + ( 31 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 16 ) This study aims to breed high-yielding and high-quality silage maize hybrids suitable for the Silk Road cold and arid region in Gansu, in order to solve the demand for silage maize varieties due to the shortage of silage feed. Experimental materials were derived from a cross between female parent G2281 and male parent 17RT. Five trial sites were established to carry out field trait observation, seed testing, yield measurements, various identification and testing. The results showed that the average dry matter yield from the 2-year multi-point regional trials was 35162.3 kg/hm2, which was 4.3% higher than that of the control group. The rate of average yield increase was more than 70%. The 1-year multi-point production test yielded an average dry matter output of 36048.0 kg/hm2, an increase of 8.7% compared to the control, and yield increase reached 100%. In the whole plant quality analysis, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was 39.3%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was 20.2%, crude protein (CP) content was 7.6%, and starch (ST) content was 30.4%. It is resistant to Pythium stem rot and head smut, with strong lodging resistance, good green retention and excellent comprehensive properties. Based on the above research results, a new silage maize cultivar ‘Jinhui 658’ with strong adaptability is selected and bred, which is suitable for planting in cold and dry spring maize area of Silk Road in Gansu Province, and plays a role in promoting the quality and efficiency of silage maize industry.

  Effects of Boron and Molybdenum Fertilizer Combined Application and Operation Mode on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Ningyuan Small Seed Peanut TANG Lizhong, LEI Gannong, JIANG Yi, WU Yueting, HUANG Huang, LI Gang, CHEN Yaqi, SUN Hongbo, OUYANG Juan 2025, 41 (33):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0320 Abstract + ( 26 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1105KB )   ( 11 ) To optimize the combined application of boron and molybdenum fertilizers and improve the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology system of Ningyuan small seed peanut, five different combined application treatments of boron and molybdenum fertilizers were set up to study the effects of different operation methods on nodule fresh weight, dry matter accumulation, economic coefficient, yield and yield composition of peanut. The results showed that: (1) seed dressing with boron and molybdenum fertilizer was very important for the development of root nodules, and could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation in each part of peanut. (2) Seed dressing with boron and molybdenum fertilizer + foliar spraying could promote the common development of aboveground and underground parts of peanut, significantly increase the average total dry matter per plant and pod weight, and was superior to only foliar spraying of boron and molybdenum fertilizer in improving the economic coefficient of peanut. (3) Seed dressing with boron and molybdenum fertilizer + foliar spraying could significantly improve the average total fruit number per plant, 100 fruit weight, 100 kernel weight, kernel rate, increase the average number of full fruit per plant, improve peanut yield of small seed peanut. In Ningyuan molybdenum-poor red soil area, it is suggested to use 0.2% borax + 0.2% ammonium molybdate for seed dressing, and foliar spray 0.1% borax + 0.1% ammonium molybdate at the beginning and end of flower needle. The method can effectively increase the yield of small seed peanut by 7.65% compared with no boron and molybdenum application.

  Relationship Between Different Irrigation Amounts and Yield of Sweet Potato Under Drip Irrigation in Medium-fertility Soil LI Renkun, MAO Sishuai, LAN Hongliang, XU Xiangdong, WANG Lizheng 2025, 41 (33):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0216 Abstract + ( 27 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 16 ) To optimize the drip irrigation scheme and explore the effect of drip irrigation amount on the yield and quality of edible sweet potato under medium fertility conditions in Beijing, a field experiment was carried out in Taishizhuang Village Experimental Station of Taishitun Town in Miyun from 2021 to 2022. The conventional flood irrigation was used as the control (CK), 'Yanshu 25' variety was selected as test material, and six drip irrigation treatments with varying water volumes were set. The results showed that drip irrigation applied before transplanting, during root-establishing and seedling-slowdown stage, and branching and tuber-setting stage, with water volumes of 375-450 m3/hm2, saved 25%-38% water compared to conventional irrigation. Within this irrigation range, the ratio of above-ground fresh weight to underground fresh weight (T/R) per plant was 0.6-0.7, the sweet potato yield reached 46881.5-47699.4 kg/hm2 (54.0%-56.7% higher than that of conventional irrigation), and the commercial tuber yield was 42214.0-43271.6 kg/hm2. Different treatments had minor effects on crude protein content, fresh fiber content and soluble sugar content of sweet potato, but relatively greater impacts on dry matter weight. The results approve that under the condition of medium fertility in Beijing, the drip irrigation amount of 375-450 m3/hm2 in the key growth period of 'Yanshu 25' is a suitable irrigation scheme to achieve high yield and high efficiency. This scheme can significantly save water resources while ensuring yield and quality, and provide scientific basis for precise irrigation of sweet potato.

  Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Rubber Yield and Agronomic Traits of Taraxacum kok-saghyz in Xinjiang ZHAO Jing, TUHANGULI Tuoheti, XU Lin, GAO Qiang, ZHENG Lipeng, ZHANG Yan, LUO Youpeng, YAN Qingqing, TANG Lisi, ZULKEYA Manaf, AYIJIAMALI Keranmu, YANG Yushuang, WANG Weiping 2025, 41 (33):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0550 Abstract + ( 39 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 22 ) To identify key factors influencing rubber yield and screen high-yield germplasm of Taraxacum kok-saghyz, 38 accessions from Xinjiang were evaluated for ten agronomic traits, including leaf length, leaf width, plant spread, scape height, root length, root width, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, days to initial flowering, and rubber content. Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were conducted for comprehensive assessment. The results showed that: (1) rubber yield (fresh root weight × rubber content) was significantly correlated with leaf length, root width, and fresh root weight (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with days of initial flowering. (2) PCA extracted four principal components with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.078%, defined as the aboveground morphology factor (leaf length, plant spread; 32.075%), biomass factor (fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight; 16.629%), root system factor (root width; 13.004%), and root length factor (11.370%). The traits were ranked by contribution to yield as follows: root width > root length > leaf length > fresh root weight > fresh leaf weight > plant spread > leaf width > days to initial flowering > scape height > rubber content. (3) Cluster analysis classified the accessions into three groups, with Group II (4 accessions, 10.52%) exhibiting superior performance, showing significantly higher fresh root weight (14.0 ± 1.372 g) and rubber content (8.09 ± 1.100%). (4) Root width, leaf length, and fresh root weight were identified as key indicators for high-yield potential. In conclusion, three accessions (TK57, TK10, TK99) show promise as parental lines for high-yield breeding. These findings provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and variety development of Taraxacum kok-saghyz.

  Analysis of Active Components in Flowers and Leaves of 35 Species of Sect. Chrysantha WEI Xiaojuan, ZHANG Xing, WANG Kun, YANG Deren 2025, 41 (33):  59-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0230 Abstract + ( 30 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 12 ) To screen elite varieties of golden Camellia and develop high value-added products, 35 species of Sect. Chrysantha plants were used as materials, the contents of polyphenols, total saponins, total flavonoids and crude polysaccharides, the main active components in flowers and leaves of golden Camellia were determined by spectrophotometry, combined with variance analysis. The differences in active components among Chinese golden Camellia, Vietnamese golden Camellia and new hybrid varieties were investigated. The results showed that among the 40 mature leaves sampled from February to March 2023, 14 had a total active component content of over 10.00%, among which the contents of C. petelotii (21.75%) and C. pubipetala (15.95%) were outstanding. The total content of active components in mature leaves of 12 species of golden Camellia sampled in November 2023 was still highest in C. petelotii, and the top four in the total content of active components in tender leaves were all Chinese golden Camellia (C. euphlebia, C. pubipetala, C. longzhouensis and C. chrysantha). Among the 20 flower samples continuously collected from 2023 to 2024, the total content of active components of 15 samples exceeded 10.50%, with C. achrysantha (17.62%) and C. pubipetala (15.54%) leading, and the new variety ‘Honguniang’ (14.13%) performed well. The research founded that the active components in leaves was significantly affected by seedling age (the activity decreased after > 13 years), while the activity of flowers was weakly correlated with seedling age. C. petelotii was the best in many indexes of leaves, C. achrysantha had obvious comprehensive advantages in flowers, and the new hybrid variety ‘Honguniang’ had both flower and leaf potential. The results provide important germplasm resources for subsequent medicinal and landscape development.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Populations of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Based on Two Types of DNA Barcode Sequences PENG Cuiying, LIANG Junsheng, LIAO Dezhi, WANG Xujun 2025, 41 (33):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0071 Abstract + ( 31 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1759KB )   ( 27 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua with high-quality, high-yield, 25 different populations in Hunan Province were collected for sequence feature analysis, population genetics analysis, genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis based on two DNA barcode sequences. The results showed that: (1) the length of ITS and psbA-trnH sequences were 688 -720 bp and 517 -531 bp, respectively. (2) Population evolution analysis revealed that ITS and psbA-trnH were neutral evolutionary genes, which were less affected by selection. The ITS sequence was greater than the psbA-trnH sequence in terms of haplotype number, haplotype diversity, and nucleotide polymorphism, indicating moderate genetic diversity. (3) Genetic distances of populations under ITS and psbA-trnH sequences were 0.0331-0.1433 and 0.0154-0.1294, respectively, indicating that the degree of population variation based on ITS sequence was greater than psbA-trnH sequence. (4) Both phylogenetic trees supported that all populations were divided into two groups, suggesting that the population of P. cyrtonema Hua from Hunan Province had two major branches. In total, there was a certain correlation between the genetic relationships of different populations and their geographical distribution.

  Effect of Kitchen Waste Compost on Soil Enzyme Activity and Physiological Characteristics of Maize and Peanut Interplanting BAN Caixin, SA Rula, TAI Jicheng, ZHAO Tingchao, LI Anning, WU Chengcheng, ARUNTUYA 2025, 41 (33):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0392 Abstract + ( 27 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 11 ) The aim is to clarify the synergistic effect of kitchen waste composting and intercropping systems. In this experiment, the kitchen waste from the public canteen of Inner Mongolia Minzu University was used as the test material. EM bacteria (EM), saline-alkali soil (TR), and the cellulose-decomposing bacterial strain (JX) selected from the microbiology laboratory of Inner Mongolia Minzu University were inoculated for composting respectively, and then were buried in the saline-alkali soil. Corn and peanut intercropping pot experiments were conducted with saline-alkali soil (CK) as the control. The results showed that under monoculture conditions, EM and JX increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and cellulase in monoculture corn soil, respectively, and both increased the activity of catalase in corn soil; JX increased the root activity of corn. TR and JX increased the activity of cellulase in monoculture peanut soil, increased the activity of SOD in peanut roots, and reduced the MDA content in peanut leaves. Under intercropping conditions, EM increased the soil sucrase and urease activities, while JX increased the soil urease activity. JX also increased the POD activity and MDA content in corn leaves. Both EM and JX increased the SOD activity in peanut roots under intercropping. Compared with monoculture, intercropping with EM increased the soil sucrase activity in corn, and intercropping with JX increased the POD activity in corn leaves and roots, as well as the SOD and POD activities in peanut roots. Intercropping of corn and peanut increased the SOD activity in peanut roots and the POD activity in corn roots. Overall analysis showed that intercropping of corn and peanut increased the antioxidant enzyme activities in crop roots. EM kitchen waste compost can activate soil enzyme activity, improve crop physiological characteristics, and synergistically improve the productivity of intercropping system in saline-alkali land, providing technical support for saline-alkali land improvement and organic waste resource utilization. Whether in monoculture or intercropping conditions, inoculation with cellulose-decomposing bacteria from kitchen waste compost had a positive effect on soil enzyme activities and the physiological activities of corn and peanut.

  Effect of Nitrogen-phosphorus Interactive Application on Physiological Characteristics of Soil and Seedlings in Corn-bean Composite Planting LI Anning, WANG Yan, MA Jinhui, WANG Huimiao, SA Rula, TAI Jicheng, JIANG Shan, ZHAO Tingchao 2025, 41 (33):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0406 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 10 ) To optimize the N and P dosing scheme for corn-soybean composite planting, this study employed a mixed planting of corn and soybean using saline-alkali soil as the growing medium, including four nitrogen levels (0, 270, 300, 330 kg/hm2, designated as N0, N1, N2, N3) and four phosphorus levels (0, 60, 90, 120 kg/hm2, designated as P0, P1, P2, P3). Soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, and physiological activities of corn and soybean leaves and roots were measured after 60 days. The results showed that P2 and P3 increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen (7.81%-48.99%) and effective phosphorus content (21.33-fold increase) and soil enzyme activities at different N application levels; N2 and N3 increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen (19.57%-48.99%) and effective phosphorus content (9.81-fold increase) at different phosphorus application levels; and N3P2 increased soil sucrase (32.36%) and alkaline phosphatase (29.89%) activities, N3P2 increased soybean root POD activity, decreased root MDA content, and increased leaf SOD activity; and N1P1 and N2P1 increased maize root POD activity, decreased leaf and root MDA content, and increased leaf and root SOD activity. The high nitrogen and high phosphorus pairing increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen and effective phosphorus content, and high nitrogen or phosphorus increased soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities, while the low nitrogen and high phosphorus pairing increased soil cellulase activity; N3P2 enhanced the quality of corn-soybean mixed planting soils, and strengthened the physiological activity of crop seedlings.

  Effect of Meteorological Factors on Population Quantity of Macrosiphum Avenae HU Juan, GUO Tao, XU Hongbin, HAO Rui, WANG Bin 2025, 41 (33):  88-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0198 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 7 ) In order to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of macrosiphum avenae and meteorological factors, this study conducted a systematic survey of aphid populations in wheat fields in Jin'an District, Lu'an City from November 2020 to May 2023. Through correlation analysis, it is concluded that: the peak occurrence period of macrosiphum avenae in the field is during the wheat seedling stage, heading and flowering stage, and grain filling stage; the key factors affecting the occurrence of macrosiphum avenae are mainly positively correlated with daily average temperature X1 (P<0.01), average maximum temperature X2 (P<0.01), daily average minimum temperature X3 (P<0.01), and daily average minimum soil temperature X8 (P<0.01); the meteorological factors of daily average wind speed X6 and daily average rainfall X7 have a negative correlation with the occurrence of wheat aphids, but the infulence of radiation and ralative humidity are not significant. The results provide scientific parameters and theoretical basis for the decision-making of Sitobion avenae control in this region.

  Potential Geographical Distribution of Pomacea canaliculata in Nanjing Under Current and Future Climate Scenarios Based on Maximum Entropy Model LI Daming, LIU Yanshan, ZHONG Liqiang, WANG Chaoqun, WANG Qing, DAI Pei, YU Yawen 2025, 41 (33):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0363 Abstract + ( 31 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2626KB )   ( 28 ) In order to understand the potential suitable area for Pomacea canaliculata in Nanjing and its influencing factors, this study utilized the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model and ArcGIS software to predict the potential geographical distribution of P. canaliculata in Nanjing under current and future climate scenarios based on its existing distribution samples and environmental variables. The MaxEnt model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with an AUC value of 0.868±0.031. The factor contribution rate and knife cutting method test both suggested that population density, precipitation of the driest month, annual mean temperature, and mean diurnal temperature range were key environmental factors determing its potential geographic distribution of P. canaliculata, the total contribution rates of four environmental variables was 86.0%. Under current climatic conditions, the potential suitable area for P. canaliculata in Nanjing was 3071.4 km2, mainly located along both banks of the Yangtze River and its southern regions. In future climate scenario (three periods: 2041-2060, 2061-2081 and 2081-2100, three shared socioeconomic pathway: SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585), the potential geographical distribution of P. canaliculata in Nanjing will expand, and the highly suitable area also will significantly increase. Therefore, measures must be taken to strengthen the management and prevention of P. canaliculata. The research results can provide scientific references for monitoring, early warning, and management strategies of P. canaliculata in Nanjing.

  Application of CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing Technology in Rice Disease Resistance Research WU Haoran, WANG Hui, HUANG Yanling, CHEN Si, LI Xiafang, ZHANG Conghe 2025, 41 (33):  104-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0187 Abstract + ( 38 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 25 ) Rice is not only an important food crop in our country but also a primary source of food for over 3 billion people worldwide. In recent decades, various pests and diseases, climate change and other adverse factors have posed a serious threat to rice production and global food security, leading to an increasing demand for high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties. Traditional breeding methods are cumbersome and inefficient. Against this backdrop, gene editing technology has gradually become a research focus in the field of disease-resistant rice breeding. Gene editing technology has evolved through three generations: from zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) to the CRISPR gene editing system, and derived technologies such as single base editing and guided editing systems. This article reviews the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, systematically summarizing the applications of CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in the resistance studies of rice blast, sheath blight, rice false smut, bacterial blight, bacterial leaf streak and rice black streaked dwarf disease. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current application status in rice disease-resistant breeding and forecasts future development prospects, aiming to offer new ideas and methods for rice disease-resistant breeding while also providing references for further development of gene editing technology.

  Research Progress on Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Selenium Response to High Temperature Stress in Plants SU Yunyun, XU Mengxin, OU Xiaobin, GONG Lei, ZHANG Kui, GUO Qian 2025, 41 (33):  113-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0218 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2059KB )   ( 6 ) High temperature stress has become one of the critical environmental factors limiting plant growth and distribution. Selenium, as an essential trace element for the growth of animals and plants, possesses multiple functions such as antioxidant activity, regulating growth and development, and enhancing plant stress resistance. In recent years, selenium has become a hot topic in academic research as an exogenous substance involved in the response mechanism of abiotic stress. This article comprehensively reviews the impacts of high temperature stress on plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry, as well as the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plants response to high temperature. It thoroughly summarizes the uptake and transformation process of selenium in plants and deeply analyzes the mechanism of selenium enhancing plant heat tolerance. From a physiological perspective, exogenous selenium maintains high activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), enhances plant antioxidant capacity, scavenges excessive reactive oxygen species, and maintains the integrity of the thylakoid membrane structure in chloroplasts, and effectively alleviates photosynthetic inhibition and membrane lipid peroxidation caused by high temperature stress through osmotic regulation and other pathways. At the molecular level, selenium can induce the expression of key heat-resistant genes, antioxidant genes, and related metabolic pathways genes in response to high temperature stress. Future research on selenium in plant stress resistance should adopt a multi-omics joint analysis method to deeply explore and analyze the application value of selenium, with the aim of providing a solid theoretical basis for improving plant stress resistance.

  Identification of OfBBXs Gene Family in Osmanthus fragrans and Screening of Candidate Genes for Flowering Regulation GOU Xiao, WEN Penghua, RUAN Muning, FANG Zhongli, ZHANG Xin 2025, 41 (33):  121-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0753 Abstract + ( 24 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 4797KB )   ( 14 ) To screen candidate genes involved in flowering regulation in Osmanthus fragrans, this study used the genome of ‘Rixianggui’ as the experimental material and employed bioinformatics methods to identify members of the OfBBX gene family and analyze the physicochemical properties, phylogenetic evolution, synteny relationships both within Osmanthus fragrans and between Osmanthus fragrans and Arabidopsis, and tissue expression patterns of OfBBX genes, combined with cis-acting element prediction. A total of 42 OfBBX genes were identified, encoding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20.54k to 53.71 kDa, isoelectric points from 4.46 to 8.61, and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) from -0.904 to -0.027. Phylogenetic analysis analysis classified these genes into five groups (I-V) containing 11, 7, 5, 14, and 7 members, respectively, with highly conserved motif structures and B-box/CCT domains across all groups. Tandem duplication and segmental duplication events were detected in OfBBX genes, and 48 BBX syntenic gene pairs were identified between 'Rixianggui' and Arabidopsis. Seven OfBBX genes showed high expression levels in floral tissues, with their promoters containing abundant light-response elements. Notably, OfBBX19 is phylogenetically clustered with, collinear to, and orthologous with AtBBX1 (CONSTANS) and is significantly up-regulated in floral organs. This study identified seven candidate genes including OfBBX18 and OfBBX19, with OfBBX19 potentially acting as a CONSTANS ortholog mediating photoperiod regulation, thereby providing molecular markers for further investigation into the floral organ development mechanism in Osmanthus fragrans.

  Breeding of Highly Efficient Growth-promoting Mutant Strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens CLW17 by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma CHEN Yanbin, ZHI Mengtao, BAI Bianxia, JIA Rui, REN Jiahong 2025, 41 (33):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0016 Abstract + ( 39 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1053KB )   ( 27 ) The purpose of this study is to select and breed highly efficient and excellent growth-promoting mutant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescent CLW17, to provide high-quality bacterial strain resources for the production of microbial fertilizer. The wild strain CLW17 with the phosphate-solubilizing and siderophore-producing abilities was used as the starting strain, and the strain was improved by ARTP mutagenesis technology. Through the three-stage screening system of 'qualitative primary screening-quantitative re-screening-molecular identification', the high-efficiency growth-promoting mutant strain was obtained and the mutagenesis conditions were optimized. The results showed that the optimal mutagenesis for CLW17 was as follows: output power of 100 W, irradiation distance of 2 mm, and treatment time of 240 s. Under these conditions, the mortality rate of the strain was 91.67%, and the positive mutation rate was 11.27%. After ARTP mutagenesis, two mutants with high efficiency and excellent growth-promoting characteristics (CLW17-240-2-1 and CLW17-240-3-2) were finally screened out. Compared to the original strain, the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of CLW17-240-2-1 and CLW17-240-3-2 was enhanced by 21.89% and 30.40% respectively, and their siderophore-producing ability was enhanced by 21.27% and 40.29%. 16S rDNA molecular identification confirmed that the two mutants were genetic mutants of CLW17 without exogenous pollution. In this study, the synergistic improvement of the dual growth-promoting traits of CLW17 strain 'phosphate-solubilizing and siderophore-producing' was successfully achieved through ARTP mutagenesis, which provided a technical reference for the directional breeding of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and also laid a strain foundation for the research and development of microbial fertilizer for trees such as Taxus chinensis var.mairei.

  Predatory Functional Response of Hippodamia variegata to Myzus persicae TUERHONG Gulinuer, TIAN Guo, YANG Qingchuan, YE Tingyu, YANG Minglu 2025, 41 (33):  139-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0586 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 15 ) This study aimed to clarify the biological control potential of Hippodamia variegata against Myzus persicae. Different density treatments of H. variegata (predator) and M. persicae (prey) were set up. Under controlled artificial climate conditions [temperature (26±1℃), photoperiod (L:D=14:10), relative humidity (70%±5%)], the predatory functional response, searching efficiency, and interference response of H. variegata to M. persicae were determined in the laboratory using the Holling-II model equation. The functional responses of H. variegata (including larvae at all instars and adults) to M. persicae all conformed to the Holling-II model. The predation rate of H. variegata increased with increasing prey density. The theoretical maximum daily predation capacity of H. variegata on M. persicae differed among developmental stages, in the following descending order: 4th instar larvae (184.81 individuals), female adults (176.01 individuals), male adults (151.35 individuals), 3rd instar larvae (120.68 individuals), 2nd instar larvae (38.00 individuals), and 1st instar larvae (16.29 individuals). The 4th instar larvae exhibited the strongest instantaneous attack rate (a′ = 1.5790) on M. persicae, while the 1st instar larvae showed the weakest (a′ = 0.5077). For all developmental stages of H. variegata, the searching efficiency on M. persicae decreased with increasing prey density, with the 4th instar larvae demonstrating the strongest searching effect. The predation of M. persicae by H. variegata (across all stages) was significantly affected by the predator’s own density and intraspecific interference. Under a fixed prey density, as the predator density increased, the self-density interference coefficient increased with the advancement of H. variegata’s developmental stage. The interference coefficients of different stages were ranked as follows: male adults (0.597) > 4th instar larvae (0.535) > female adults (0.507) > 3rd instar larvae (0.444) > 2nd instar larvae (0.398) > 1st instar larvae (0.290). As a dominant natural enemy insect resource in Xinjiang, H. variegata exhibits excellent predation ability and pest control potential. This study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the effective application of H. variegata in the practical control of M. persicae.

  Research Progress on Active Ingredients in Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.-Based Botanical Pesticides and Their Application Potential in Green Agriculture LYU Lijuan, WANG Yixian, HUANG Zhicui, WU Zixi, ZHAO Kangyi, ZHAI Fengguo 2025, 41 (33):  146-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0306 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2107KB )   ( 20 ) Botanical pesticides have become a significant focus in green pesticide research due to their safety for non-target organisms, environmental compatibility, and low risk of resistance. To explore the application potential of the medicinal plant Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. and its active components in green agriculture, this paper systematically reviews relevant domestic and international research findings, summarizes the current research status of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. and its main active components such as alkaloids, limonoids, and flavonoids in controlling agricultural pests and pathogens, and clarifies the material basis and mechanisms underlying their insecticidal and antibacterial effects. Furthermore, the development value and application prospect of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. as a botanical pesticide are evaluated, aiming to provide scientific references for expanding the utilization and enhancing the added value in green agriculture.

  Preliminary Establishment of Indirect ELISA Method Based on African Swine Fever Virus P72 Recombinant Protein XIANG Guoqing, DENG Tianbo, SONG Shuai, YANG Yanqiu, CHEN Yuting, CHEN Meixia, WU Guojing, ZHENG Bobin, NIU Ruihui, WEN Xiaohui, LUO Shengjun 2025, 41 (33):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0241 Abstract + ( 25 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1324KB )   ( 16 ) This study aimed to develop a rapid indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies against African swine fever virus (ASFV) in clinical application, and the recombinant P72 protein was obtained using the recombinant plasmid pET-28a-P72 through IPTG induction and nickel affinity purification. Its reactivity was confirmed, and the purified protein was used as the coating antigen. After optimizing key parameters, an indirect ELISA method for detecting antibodies against ASFV P72 protein was preliminarily established. The ASFV P72 protein was successfully expressed and specifically reacted with ASFV-positive serum antibodies. The optimized assay conditions were as follows: coating antigen concentration at 5 μg/mL, serum dilution at 1:160, coating at 4℃ for 12 h, serum incubation time of 30 min, HRP-labeled secondary antibody dilution at 1:1000, secondary antibody incubation time of 30 min, and substrate reaction time of 10 min. The cut-off values were defined as follows: OD450≥0.69 was considered positive, OD450≤0.57 was negative, and values between these thresholds were considered suspicious. No cross-reactivity was observed with antisera against six pathogens including classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The sensitivity reached 1:1600, and both intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation were less than 15%, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability. An indirect ELISA method for detecting antibodies against ASFV P72 protein was successfully established. This assay can be used for ASFV antibody detection and provides technical support for epidemic monitoring and early warning.