Abstract:

To reduce the adverse effects of densification on maize plants by changing planting patterns, ‘Zhengdan 958'was used as the experimental material, three planting patterns were set up: equal row spacing planting, wide and narrow row planting and double row interlacing sparse planting. Three treatments were designed as 83300 plants/hm², 121000 plants/hm² and 151000 plants/hm², to study the reasonable planting pattern of high yield summer maize. By increasing the planting density of maize, the experiment increased the dry matter accumulation of root system and the total area of three ear leaves of maize, as well as the sunlight interception rate at the top of maize canopy, intercepted most of the light and achieved early maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Taking a midday rest under strong light at noon could protect the photosynthetic system of leaves under strong light and increase the yield of maize significantly. The yield of double row interlacing sparse planting (SHJC) was 3402 kg/hm² higher than that of equal row spacing planting (DH), increased by 39.83%, and the yield of SHJC was 2774.7 kg/hm² higher than that of wide and narrow row planting (KZH), increased by 30.26%. Under the premise of ensuring the population quantity of maize, SHJC could reduce the competition of individual plant and ensure the development potential of individual plant. SHJC could significantly improve canopy light distribution, photosynthetic characteristics and maize yield, and 151000 plants/hm² had the best performance. The study provides a high-yield cultivation model for maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: summer maize, double row interlacing sparse planting, density, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light interception rate, root dry weight