欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 46-51.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3331

所属专题： 油料作物

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北典型黑土供肥量与大豆肥料利用率

孙振宁 段兴武 谢云 刘刚   

  • 收稿日期:2011-11-10 修回日期:2011-12-30 出版日期:2012-05-25 发布日期:2012-05-25
  • 基金资助:

    纤毛虫表膜内表面与射出体、皮层颗粒、色素颗粒的形态学研究;国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“区域水土流失过程与趋势分析”

Nutrient Supplying Capacity of Typical Black Soil and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Soybean in a Farm of Heilongjiang Province

  • Received:2011-11-10 Revised:2011-12-30 Online:2012-05-25 Published:2012-05-25

PDF (PC)

935

摘要：

土壤对大豆的供肥量与肥料利用率，是养分平衡法施肥的重要参数，对于科学施肥和提高产量具有指导意义。在位于黑龙江省农垦总局九三分局鹤山农场的北京师范大学九三水土保持试验站，选取黑土（Black soils，土壤系统分类为均腐土，Isohumisols），按当前大田施肥水平设计盆栽试验，包括混施肥(NP、NK、PK、NPK)、不施肥(CK)、单施肥(N、P、K)共8种处理各3个重复，确定该种土壤类型对大豆的供肥量和肥料利用率。结果表明，土壤供氮量为63.28 kg/hm2，供磷量为50.15 kg/hm2，供钾量为110.39 kg/hm2。氮肥利用率为15.99%，磷肥利用率5.12%，钾肥利用率为78.79%。与其他学者的研究相比，研究区供肥水平中等，钾肥利用率较高，氮肥和磷肥利用率较低。据此，依据养分平衡法，确定比较适宜的大豆纯肥施入量应为72.87 kg/hm2，N:P2O5:K2O应为1:0.88:0.16。按此标准，研究区目前实际施纯肥总量偏高39%，施肥配比中，氮肥比例偏低，磷肥和钾肥比例偏高，应考虑改变施肥现状。

关键词: 印度芥菜, 印度芥菜, 文献计量, Web of Science

Abstract:

As important parameters of nutrient balance method, nutrient supplying capacity of typical black soil and fertilizer use efficiency of soybean can supervise fertilization and increase production of farms in Northeast China. An experimental area, Heshan Farm in Jiusan Agriculture Reclamation Substation of Heilongjiang Province, was chosen to determine these two parameters using pot experiment with local black soil (Isohumosols) and designing 8 fertilizer treatments (CK, N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK) under current field fertilizer input levels. The results showed that, the supplying capacity of N, P2O5 and K2O for typical black soil (Isohumosols) were 63.28 kg/hm2, 50.15 kg/hm2 and 110.39 kg/hm2, respectively, and their use efficiencies were 15.99%, 5.12% and 78.79%. The estimated optimal fertilizer input amount should be 72.87 kg/hm2, and the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O should be 1:0.88:0.16, based on above parameters by using nutrient balance method. The current field fertilizer input amount was less by 39%, and with lower N level, higher P2O5 and K2O levels. Consequently, a changing of fertilizer amount and rate should be taken into account.