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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 82-86.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1517

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷肥对旱地小麦土壤水分与根系特性的影响

邢军 孙敏 高志强 李光 赵红梅 任爱霞   

  • 收稿日期:2013-05-30 修回日期:2013-07-19 出版日期:2014-02-25 发布日期:2014-02-25
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费“小麦隐性灾害防控与抗逆稳产综合技术研究”(CARS-03-01-24)；国家自然科学基金“旱地小麦土壤氮素移动和深层根系几何空间构型的研究”(31101112)。

The Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Soil Moisture and Root Characteristics of Dry-land Wheat

  • Received:2013-05-30 Revised:2013-07-19 Online:2014-02-25 Published:2014-02-25

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摘要： 为给旱地小麦合理使用氮磷肥提供理论依据，于山西农业大学闻喜试验基地采用大田试验研究氮磷肥对旱地小麦土壤水分和根系特性的影响。结果表明：增加施氮量，可提高氮磷比为1:0.5返青至抽穗期土壤蓄水量和各生育期根系活力、根系总长、总体积、总面积和总投影面积，而降低了氮磷比为1:1各生育期土壤蓄水量、根系活力、根系总长、总体积、总面积和总投影面积。增加施磷量，可提高返青至抽穗期土壤蓄水量，而降低了开花期、成熟期土壤蓄水量，可增加各生育时期根系活力、根系总长、总体积、总面积和总投影面积，可增加0~80 cm各土层的根系长度、体积、根系面积和投影面积，且除60~80 cm土层根系体积，均达显著水平。总之，施氮量为150 kg/hm2，且氮磷比为1:1在旱地小麦水肥协作方面效果最佳。

关键词: 光合特性, 光合特性

Abstract: This study researched the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the dryland soil moisture and root characteristics using a field experiment in the test base of Shanxi Agricultural University in Wenxi. The results showed that, increasing nitrogen rate could improve the soil moisture from turning green stage to heading stage and root activity, total root length, total root volume, total root area and total projected area of different stages when the ratio of N and P was 1:0.5 and decreased the soil moisture, root activity, total root length, total root volume, total root area and total projected of different stages when the ratio of N and P was 1: 1. The result also showed that increasing phosphorus rate could improve the soil moisture from turning green stage to heading stage, but decreased it from anthesis to mature stage, and increased the root activity, total root length, total root volume, total root area and total projected area of different stages, and increased the root length, root volume, root area and root projected area of different soil layer from 0 cm to 80 cm, in addition, except the root volume of 60-80 cm soil layer the rest were significant level. In short, the nitrogen rate was 150 kg/hm2 or 180 kg/hm2 and the ratio of N and P was 1:1, which showed best in the aspect of collaboration of water and fertilizer of dry-land wheat.