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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 163-168.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0522

所属专题： 油料作物； 园艺

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2种施肥条件下油菜农艺性状与产量的分析

张晓龙,何俊龙,宋海星,刘强,荣湘民,彭建伟,官春云   

  1. 湖南农业大学,长沙市湖南农业大学资源与环境学院植物营养专业,湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南农业大学,湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南农业大学油料所
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-02 修回日期:2014-03-02 接受日期:2014-05-26 出版日期:2014-10-15 发布日期:2014-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 张晓龙
  • 基金资助:
    国家油菜产业技术体系“栽培生理岗位油菜高效合理施肥技术”(nyctx-00509)；湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目“油菜高效合理施肥技术”(12K064)；湖南省政府专项“湖南双季稻区油菜早熟品种选育和机械化生产技术研究与生产示范”（湘府阅2012-45号）。

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rape under Two Fertilization Applications

  • Received:2014-03-02 Revised:2014-03-02 Accepted:2014-05-26 Online:2014-10-15 Published:2014-10-15

摘要： 为探讨包膜复混肥在油菜上的应用效果，实现高产高效栽培，于2010—2011 年以‘湘油1613’油菜品种为材料，在湖南省2 个地方设计小区试验，研究2 种施肥条件对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：在普通复混肥处理的基础上，包膜复混肥提高油菜产量平均达到10.23%，提高了油菜大部分性状的变异程度，仅有每角果粒数的变异性低于普通复混肥处理，其中地上部干重变异系数达到最大值0.58，千粒重的变异最小。包膜复混肥对根干重的变异性程度的提高达到最大值0.24，对产量变异程度的改变最小，仅有0.02，可以认为包膜复混肥能够改善油菜的生长形态，获得高产的同时可以起到稳产的效果。与普通复混肥相比，包膜复混肥提高了各性状之间以及各性状与产量之间的相关性，因此通过包膜复混肥提高油菜产量，主要加强了对性状株高、分枝数、茎干重、角果皮干重、每株角果数的提高。包膜复混肥处理的前2 个主成分累积贡献率达到85.49%，分别代表了油菜的整体生长状况与角果性状的信息，普通复混肥处理的前3 个主成分累积贡献率达到89.00%，分别代表了主茎性状与产量的信息，角果性状的信息和主茎与千粒重的信息。不同施肥条件下，各性状的重要程度发生改变，施用包膜复混肥条件下，茎干重、角果皮干重、产量、株高、主茎节数、每株角果数具有较大的重要程度，应进行重点选择，可作为施用包膜复混肥料的条件下评价油菜生长状况与产量的指标。

关键词: 北京, 北京

Abstract: To investigate the effects of coated fertilizer application on rape and achieve high-yield planting, rape variety of‘Xiangzayou1613’was used as material to study the effects of two kinds of fertilization application on the agronomic traits and yield in two places of Hunan during 2010 to 2011. The results showed that compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer treatment, the coated fertilizer increased rapeseed yield at an average of 10.23% and increased variability of most rapeseed traits except grains per pod. Among the traits, variable coefficient of the dry weight of above ground reached the maximum 0.58 and the thousand kernel weight variation minimized. The improvement that coated fertilizer brought on root dry weight reached the maximum level of 0.24 and changes minimal to yield with 0.02, coated fertilizer can be considered to have a stable effect while improving growth morphology of rape and reaching high yield. Compared with ordinary fertilizer, coated fertilizer improved correlation of each trait and that among the traits and yields, therefore, the coated fertilizers can be considered to strengthen the characteristics, including plant height, branch number, stem dry weight, angle of the skin dry weight, the number of per pod to improved yield of rapes. The previous two principal components of cumulative contribution rate of coated fertilizer treatment reached 85.49%, which represented the information of growth and characteristics of pod of rapes. The previous three principal components of cumulative contribution rate of common fertilizer treatment reached 89.00%, which represented the information of the main stem traits and yield, the characteristics of pod, the main stem traits and thousand kernel weight. The importance of each trait changed in different fertilization conditions. The traits which included stem dry weight, angle of the skin dry weight, yield, plant height, number of main stem section and each pod number have great importance, and should be the key choice and can be used as an indicator to evaluate the growth of rape under the coated fertilizer treatment.