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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (16): 173-181.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010023

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物药剂和化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制效应

杨阿丽,陈佰鸿,毛 娟,张 彪,任 静   

  1. (甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州 730070）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-06 修回日期:2015-05-22 接受日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈佰鸿
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃农业大学SRTP项目“苹果树腐烂病高效杀菌剂的筛选”(20120101)；星火项目“苹果早期落叶病腐烂病防控技术集成示范”(2013GA8600D1)。

Inhibition Effect of Chemicals and Biological Fungicides on the Valsa ceratosperma

Yang Ali, Chen Baihong, Mao Juan, Zhang Biao, Ren Jing   

  1. (College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070)
  • Received:2015-01-06 Revised:2015-05-22 Accepted:2015-03-25 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 为研究不同生物药剂和化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病的影响，分别以多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、多抗霉素、苦参碱4种生物药剂和戊唑醇、咪鲜胺2种化学药剂为材料，采用培养皿离体培养方式，研究单一药剂和不同药剂组合对苹果腐烂病病原菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制效应。结果表明：在培养基中添加单一药剂时，多粘类芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌浓度为180 mg /L、多抗霉素浓度为225 mg /L、苦参碱浓度为5 mL/L和戊唑醇、咪鲜胺浓度为0.75 mL/L时，抑菌率均可达100%。另外，0.02 mL/L咪鲜胺分别与45 mg/L枯草芽孢杆菌、45 mg/L多粘类芽孢杆菌、0.045 mg/L多抗霉素以及0.02 mL/L戊唑醇与45 mg/L多粘类芽孢杆菌组合，4种组合的菌丝抑菌率与孢子抑制率都达到100%，抑菌效果明显好于其他药剂组合。说明这4种生物药剂和化学药剂组合可作为高效、低毒的混合型药剂来防治苹果树腐烂病的发生。

关键词: 桔梗, 桔梗, 生育期, 氮磷钾含量, 分布规律

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of different chemicals and biological fungicides on Valsa ceratosperma, four kinds of biological fungicides: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, polymyxin and matrine, and two kinds of chemicals: tebuconazole and prochloraz, were used as materials to study the inhibition effect of single fungicide and combinations of different fungicides on Valsa ceratosperma mycelial growth and conidial germination in vitro culture of dish way. The results showed that inhibition rate reached 100% in 180 mg/L Bacillus subtilis, 180 mg/L Paenibacillus polymyxa, 225 mg/L polymyxin, 5 mL/L matrine, 0.75 mL/L tebuconazole and 0.75 mL/L prochloraz when a single fungicide was added in the medium. In addition, the combination of 0.02 mL/L prochloraz with 45 mg/L Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, 0.045 mg/L polyoxin, as well as the combination of 0.02 mL/L tebuconazole with 45 mg/L Bacillus subtilis showed better inhibition rate than other combinations of fungicides, and the inhibition rates of mycelia and spore were up to 100% in 4 combinations. It is indicated that the 4 combinations of chemicals and biological fungicides were effective and low toxic, and could be used to prevent Valsa ceratosperma.