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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 88-92.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120087

所属专题: 玉米 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原庆阳地区春玉米生育期对气候变化的响应

车向军1,2, 任继帮2, 路学勤2, 杜军3, 田蕴雅2, 赵洁4   

  1. 1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州 730020
    2庆阳市气象局,甘肃西峰 745000
    3宁县气象局,甘肃宁县 745200,4庆城县气象局,甘肃庆城 745100
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-19 修回日期:2019-01-09 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-01-22
  • 作者简介:车向军,男,1971年出生,甘肃庆城人,工程师,本科,主要从事农业气象应用与研究。通信地址:745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路4号庆阳市气象局,Tel:0934-8213784,E-mail: cxj_z@tom.com
  • 基金资助:
    干旱气象科学研究基金项目“高温干旱对陇东春玉米生长发育及产量的影响研究”(IAM201811)

Response of Spring Maize Growth Period to Climate Change in Qingyang Area of Loess Plateau

Che Xiangjun1,2, Ren Jibang2, Lu Xueqin2, Du Jun3, Tian Yunya2, Zhao Jie4   

  1. 1Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration/Open Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020
    2Meteorological Bureau of Qingyang City, Xifeng Gansu 745000
    3Meteorological Bureau of Ningxian County, Ningxian Gansu 745200
  • Received:2018-12-19 Revised:2019-01-09 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-01-22

摘要:

旨在研究黄土高原庆阳地区春玉米的生育期气候变化特征及物候变化规律,给粮食生产安全及情报服务提供理论依据。通过以黄土高原庆阳地区有代表性的物候观测站的春玉米生育期内的气温、降水、≥10℃的活动积温作为研究对象,来分析气候变化背景下春玉米生育期的气候资源及物候变化特征。结果表明:春玉米全生育期内平均气温呈上升趋势,上升速率为0.6℃/10a;平均降水量呈减少趋势,减少速率为8.7 mm/10a,但绝大多年份雨水能满足玉米生长发育需要;积温呈增加态势,变化速率为58.0℃/10a,热量资源充足;稳定通过10℃的日期为偏早出现趋势,变化速率为6.3 d/10a。春玉米全生育期日数呈现为缩短的响应特征,减少量为1.7 d/10a。因此,气候变化对春玉米种植较为有利,尤其热量资源增加,有利于拓展种植界限及提高产量。要充分利用气候资源,因地制宜,选择适合的品种及播期进行生产,同时要加强田间管理,充分挖掘气候增产潜力,提高玉米种植的经济效益,为精准脱贫提供决策依据。

关键词: 庆阳地区, 春玉米, 气候变化, 生育期

Abstract:

The aims are to study the climate change characteristics and phenological changes of spring maize during the growth period in Qingyang of the Loess Plateau, and provide a basis for food production safety and information service. The temperature, precipitation and active accumulated temperature (≥10℃) of spring maize growing period at representative observation stations in Qingyang area were used as objects. The climate resources and phenological characteristics of spring maize under climate change were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature showed an upward trend during the whole growth period of spring maize, and the upward rate was 0.6℃/10a. The average precipitation showed a decreasing trend with a decreasing rate of 8.7 mm/10a, but the rainwater in most years could meet the needs of maize growth. Accumulated temperature showed an increasing trend with a change rate of 58.0℃/10a and heat resource was sufficient. The trend of stable passage through 10℃ was earlier and the change rate was 6.3 d/10a. The number of days of the whole growth period of spring maize showed a reducing response, with a decrease of 1.7d/10a. Therefore, climate change is more favorable for planting spring maize, especially the increase of heat resource, which is conducive to expanding planting boundaries and increasing yield. We should make full use of climate resource and adapt to local conditions, and choose suitable varieties and sowing date. At the same time, we should strengthen field management and make full use of climate production potential, to improve the economic benefits of maize planting and provide decision-making basis for targeted poverty alleviation.

Key words: Qingyang area, spring maize, climate change, growth period

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