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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (15): 52-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010069

所属专题： 油料作物

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植方式对盐碱地花生生长发育及产量的影响

祝令晓,康 涛,慈敦伟,丁 红,付 晓,刘孟娟,张智猛,石书兵   

  1. 新疆农业大学农学院,泰安市农业科学院,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所,新疆农业大学农学院,新疆农业大学农学院,山东省花生研究所,新疆农业大学农学院
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-12 修回日期:2015-02-24 接受日期:2015-02-25 出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 张智猛
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划“花生高产高效关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD11B04)；山东省科技发展计划项目“花生抗旱耐盐胁迫机制研究和高产高效节水技术集成”(2013GNC11107)；山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家“花生栽培与土壤肥料岗位专家”；山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题“滨海盐碱地花生高产高效关键技术研究”(SDAIT-05-022-06)；青岛市民生科技计划“盐碱地花生高产优质关键技术研究和示范”(14-2-3-34-nsh)。

Effect of Planting Patterns on the Growth and Development and Yield of Saline-alkali Land Peanut

  • Received:2015-01-12 Revised:2015-02-24 Accepted:2015-02-25 Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02

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摘要： 在中度盐碱地上进行大田试验，选用3个耐盐能力不同的花生品种（系），采用垄作覆膜和沟作覆膜2种种植方式，探讨盐碱地花生种植方式对不同品种（系）生长发育和产量的影响，提高盐碱地花生产量。结果表明，不同耐盐能力花生品种（系）主茎高和侧枝长自花针期至成熟期均表现为垄作覆膜种植方式高于沟作覆膜方式；叶片、茎（叶柄）和地上部干物质积累均可用Logistic生长曲线很好的拟合，各相关系数均达显著或极显著水平，最大R2为0.9976。垄作覆膜方式可使耐盐品种（系）叶片和茎（叶柄）的最大生长速率(Vm)分别提高27.54%~41.04%和12.2%~40.06%，叶片最大生长速率出现的时间(Tm)延长2.3~3.3天，茎和叶柄最大生长速率出现的时间(Tm)提前1天左右；使盐敏感品种叶片Vm降低25.71%，叶片Tm提前1.4天，茎和叶柄Tm推迟1.2天。各品种（系）在2种种植方式下的叶面积指数(LAI)高峰均出现在结荚期，耐盐品种‘白沙1016’在垄作覆膜方式下LAI最高达5.52，盐敏感品系HZ17最低仅为3.35。垄作覆膜方式下耐盐品种‘白沙1016’产量最高达3925.65kg/hm2，沟作覆膜方式下盐敏感品系HZ17最低，仅2486.7kg/hm2。耐盐品种‘白沙1016’更适合于盐碱地种植，并采取垄作覆膜的种植方式为佳。但品种自身耐盐能力较种植方式更显重要。

关键词: 百合, 百合, 辐照, 60Co-γ射线, 诱变育种

Abstract: A field experiment in moderate saline-alkali land was conducted to examine the effect of planting patterns on the growth and development and yield of peanut plant. Three peanut cultivars (lines) with different salt tolerance were used as materials. Ridged bed with plastic film mulch and furrow with plastic film mulch were designed as two planting patterns. The results showed that the main stem height and the length of branches in all three peanut cultivars (lines) grown in ridged bed with plastic film mulch were higher than those in furrow with plastic film mulch from pegging stage to maturing stage. Leaf, stem (stalk) and the aboveground dry mass were perfectly simulated with logistic equation and all correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level, and the maximum R2 was 0.9976. The maximum growth rate (Vm) of leaves and stem (stalk) in salt-tolerant peanut cultivar grown in ridged bed increased up to 27.54%-41.04% and 12.2%-40.06%, respectively. The time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate of leaf postponed 2.3-3.3 days. For stem (stalk), the time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate occurred 1 day in advance. For salt sensitive cultivars grown in ridged bed, the Vm of leaves decreased 25.71%. The Tm of leaf occurred 1.4 day in advance and the Tm of stem (stalk) postponed 1.2 day. The peak of LAI of the three cultivars (lines) under two planting patterns occurred at the pod setting stage with salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’grown in ridged bed up to 5.52 and the lowest LAI of 3.35 in sensitive cultivar HZ17. The yield of salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’ under ridged bed was up to 3925.65 kg/hm2. The lowest yield was only 2486.7 kg/hm2 of salt-sensitive cultivar HZ17 under furrow. In conclusion, salt- tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’was more suitable for saline- alkali land cultivation with plastic film mulch on ridged bed. The salt tolerance ability of the cultivar was more important than the planting pattern.