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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020045

所属专题： 油料作物

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生复合系统土壤水分动态与平衡特征研究

黄鹤楼1,丁烨毅1,景元书2,陈 昆2,蔡仕博2   

  1. (1宁波市气象局,浙江宁波 315012；2南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报和评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京 210044）
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-05 修回日期:2015-06-08 接受日期:2015-04-15 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 景元书
  • 基金资助:
    宁波市科技计划项目“宁波市现代农业气象智能决策支撑技术研究”(2011C50078)；国家自然科学基金“基于SEBAL模型的农业小流域水热通量监测模拟”(41175098)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目“大气科学学科二期工程项目”(PAPD002)。

Study on the Features of Soil Moisture and Water Balance of Peanut Compound System

Huang Helou1, Ding Yeyi1, Jing Yuanshu2, Chen Kun2, Cai Shibo2   

  1. (1Ningbo Weather Bureau, Ningbo Zhejiang 315012; 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting Warning and Assessment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044)
  • Received:2015-02-05 Revised:2015-06-08 Accepted:2015-04-15 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 花生复合系统是促进低丘红壤区农业水分资源综合利用的重要耕作方式，其在不同时段水分动态、水分平衡和利用过程差异值得进一步探索。土壤表层采用15 bar的先进负压计监测，结合定位法于2001—2003年监测收集了花生生长季花生复合系统、花生单作田间土壤水分、地表径流、降雨资料，分析了花生复合系统对土壤水分动态、降雨影响和水分平衡各要素的影响。分析表明，土壤10 cm与 60 cm水分单作花生地与复合系统在雨季无明显差异，但受降雨过程影响。旱季单作花生10 cm水势降到最低值-344.0 kPa，复合系统水势最低值为-50.6 kPa，60 cm单作花生地水势数值也低于复合系统花生地，旱季复合系统能减少土壤表层的蒸发。3年土壤水分周期动态可分为3个阶段，即水分盈余期、水分消耗期、水分稳定期。花生复合系统旱季表现出较强的耗水作用，2001年7月贮水量减少108.8 mm，2002年8月贮水量减少111.7 mm，2003年7月贮水量减少105.5 mm。花生复合系统平均渗漏量低于花生单作62.2 mm，平均贮水量变化低于花生单作41.8 mm。桔树与花生作物在旱季水分利用方面没有明显的竞争作用，花生复合系统系统的表土水分保持作用和生态效应明显。

关键词: 游戏理论, 游戏理论, 水, 主题公园, 景观设计, 活水公园

Abstract: The peanut compound system is an important farming system to develop the comprehensive utilization of water resources in the low hilly red soil region. It is worth of analysis in different periods of water dynamics, water balance and the utilization processes. The soil moisture at surface was measured by the advanced tensiometer for the maximum range of 15 bar. The data of soil moisture, runoff and precipitation in the fields were collected by position-fixed method during peanut growing season from 2001 to 2003. The influence of peanut compound system on soil moisture, rainfall and water balance component was analyzed. The results showed that there was no obvious difference between the soil water potential at 10 cm and 60 cm depth of peanut fields and intercropped fields during the rainy season，and it was affected by the rainfall intensity. The water potential at 10 cm depth of the peanut fields decreased to the lowest value of -344.0 kPa, while it was -50.6 kPa in the intercropped fields. The value of peanut fields was also lower than that of the intercropped fields during the dry season at 60 cm depth. The compound system reduced soil surface evaporation during the dry season. The 3-year dynamic of soil moisture was divided into three stages, which were water surplus period, water consuming period and water stability period. The intercropping system had stronger water consumption during the dry season. The soil water storage reduced 108.8 mm in July 2001, 111.7 mm in August 2002, and 105.5 mm in July 2003, respectively. The drainage and soil water storage change in the peanut compound system was 62.2 mm and 41.8 mm lower than that of the sole peanut field, respectively. There was no remarkable competition for water utilization between citrus and peanut during dry season. The peanut compound system had obvious surface water holding function and ecological effect.