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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 285-290.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020078

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    

5种化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病室内防效评价

郭晓峰,徐秉良,韩 健,徐常智,王卫雄,张树武   

  1. (甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州 730070）
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-13 修回日期:2015-06-10 接受日期:2015-04-13 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 徐秉良
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业专项“果树腐烂病防控技术研究与示范”(201203034)；国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)；国家科技部星火项目“苹果早期落叶病、腐烂病防控技术集成示范”(2013GA860001-03)；甘肃省农业生物技术专项“甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌抗药性分子检测和防治新技术研究”(GNSW-2012-27)。

Control Effect of 5 Chemicals Against Apple Tree Canker in Laboratory

Guo Xiaofeng, Xu Bingliang, Han Jian, Xu Changzhi, Wang Weixiong, Zhang Shuwu   

  1. (College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070)
  • Received:2015-02-13 Revised:2015-06-10 Accepted:2015-04-13 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 为探索和筛选出对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发抑制作用效果较好，以及对离体枝条的保护作用较强的化学药剂，以期获得具有良好防效、对环境友好的化学药剂，以便进一步为生产中防治苹果树腐烂病提供一定的理论依据。采用菌丝生长速率法、分生孢子萌发玻片法和离体枝条烫伤接种法，测定5种化学药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用，以及其在离体枝条上的保护作用。结果表明，苯醚甲环唑对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高，其EC50为 0.0163 μg/mL；丙环唑与戊唑醇次之，EC50分别为0.0224、0.0994 μg/mL；海藻酸对苹果树腐烂病菌丝生长的抑制作用最差，EC50为81.630 μg/mL。苯醚甲环唑对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制效果最高，EC50为0.0061 μg/mL；丙环唑与戊唑醇次之，EC50分别为0.0064、0.0390 μg/mL；海藻酸对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发抑制效果最差，EC50为15.3820 μg/mL。离体枝条保护试验表明，海藻酸对离体枝条保护作用最强，病疤扩展面积最小，病疤扩展面积仅为对照的7.2%；菌毒清和戊唑醇次之，分别为对照的32.3%和45.9%；丙环唑对离体枝条保护作用最差，病疤扩展面积最大，为对照的59.8%。筛选出苯醚甲环唑可作为抑制苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的最佳药剂，海藻酸可作为离体枝条保护作用的最佳药剂。

关键词: 土地生态, 土地生态, 安全评价, 指标体系, P-S-R模型, 白银市

Abstract: The paper aims to explore and screen higher efficient chemicals for inhibiting mycelium growth, conidia germination and protecting inoculation on excised twigs in vitro to Valsa mali, and to obtain environmentally friendly pesticides with good control effect, so as to provide theoretical basis for further prevention of apple tree canker in production. The inhibitory effect of mycelium growth, conidia germination and protective effect on excised twigs of five different chemicals were determined by the method of mycelium growth, conidia germination and scald inoculation on shoots in vitro. The results showed that difenoconazole had the highest activity for inhibiting mycelium growth and its EC50 was 0.0163 μg/mL, followed by Propiconazole and tebuconazole with EC50 value of 0.0224 and 0.0994 μg/mL. Alginate had the lowest activity for inhibiting mycelium growth and its EC50 was 81.630 μg/mL. Difenoconazole had the highest activity for inhibiting conidia germination among all the tested chemicals, and its EC50 was 0.0061 μg/mL. Propiconazole and tebuconazole took the second and the third place with EC50 value of 0.0064 and 0.0390 μg/mL. Alginate had the lowest effect on inhibiting conidia germination and its EC50 was 15.3820 μg/mL. The protective measures for protecting inoculation on excised twigs showed that alginate had the highest protection effect on shoot growth with the smallest scar expansion area of all, which was only 7.2% of that of CK; followed by Junduqing and tebuconazole, whose scar expansion area was 32.3% and 45.9% of that of CK, respectively. Propiconazole had the lowest protection effect on the shoot growth, its scar expansion area reached 59.8% of that of CK, and was the biggest of all chemicals tested. Difenoconazole was screened as the best chemical for inhibiting mycelium growth and conidia germination of Valsa mali. Alginate was screened as the best chemical for protecting shoot growth after inoculated with the pathogen of Valsa mali.