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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (30): 273-278.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060034

所属专题： 玉米； 小麦； 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西省玉米小麦需水量的变化特征及对气候变暖的响应

郭 伟,杨爱琴,贺洁颖,赵丽平,王小兰,郝智文   

  1. (山西省气象科学研究所,太原 030002）
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-04 修回日期:2015-10-10 接受日期:2015-07-24 出版日期:2015-10-29 发布日期:2015-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 郝智文
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：山西省科技攻关项目“基于海气耦合模式的降尺度山西干旱预测研究”(20130312012)。

Variation Characteristics of Water Requirement of Corn and Wheat in Shanxi Province and Their Response to Climate Warming

Guo Wei, Yang Aiqing, He Jieying, Zhao Liping, Wang Xiaolan, Hao Zhiwen   

  1. (Shanxi Research Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Taiyuan 030002)
  • Received:2015-06-04 Revised:2015-10-10 Accepted:2015-07-24 Online:2015-10-29 Published:2015-10-29

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摘要： 作物需水量是农田水分循环系统中最重要的因素之一。为了研究山西省主要作物需水量的变化特征及对气候变化的响应，基于山西省39个地面气象站1961—2010年的气象资料，运用彭曼公式计算了近50年山西省玉米和小麦的需水量。结果表明：（1）近50年来玉米需水量和小麦需水量都存在以1982年为分界点的2个明显的变化过程，玉米需水量表现为先有微弱的上升趋势（1961—1982年； 4.8 mm/10 a）而后呈现微弱的下降趋势（1983—2010年；-1.0 mm/10 a），而小麦需水量在2个阶段均表现为显著的上升趋势（20.7 mm/10 a和17.1 mm/10 a），但上升过程并不连续；后一阶段2种作物需水量平均值都有所降低，玉米需水量降幅大于小麦；（2）气候变暖对山西省不同地区作物需水量的影响存在差异：对高寒地区影响大于温暖地区；对干旱地区影响最大，半湿润地区次之，半干旱地区最小；（3）作物需水量的变化同作物产量显著相关，分析显示近30年玉米需水量和玉米单产呈显著负相关关系。因此，需水量的变化在一定程度上能有效地反映或预测作物产量的变化。

关键词: 枣棉间作, 枣棉间作, 氮肥, 根际土, 微生物数量

Abstract: Crop water requirement in north China is critical in farm water cycle. The paper aims to investigate the variation tendency of water requirement of main crops in Shanxi Province and their response to climate warming. Based on daily meteorological data of 39 weather stations in Shanxi Province during 1961—2010, the water requirement of two crops was calculated using Penman-Monteith equation modified. For both corn or wheat, water requirement had two clear changes with a dividing point in 1982, the water requirement of corn first showed a weak upward trend (1961—1982; 4.8 mm/10 a) and then showed a slight downward trend (1983—2010; -1.0 mm/10 a); meanwhile, wheat water requirement in both the two stages showed a significant upward trend (20.6 mm/10 a and 17.1 mm/10 a), but the increase was not continuous. The average water requirement value of the two crops in 1983-2010 was less than that in 1961—1982. The decrease of water requirement of corn exceeded that of wheat. Regional differences were noted for the impact of warming climate on crop water requirement. Climate warming had more impact on crop water requirements in the frigid zones than warm regions. On the other hand, the impact of warming climate on corn water requirement was the highest in arid regions, followed by semi-humid regions, and then semi-arid regions. Variation of crop water requirement was closely related with the local crop yield, the result showed that corn water requirement and corn yield were significantly and negatively correlated, therefore, variation of corn water requirement could effectively reflect or predict the changes of crop yield.

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