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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 20-26.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090043

所属专题： 资源与环境； 油料作物； 小麦； 园艺

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同秸秆还田方式及施肥对春小麦复种小油菜产量和资源利用率的影响

杨育川,郑月兰,何智宏,黄鹏,李玲玲   

  1. 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省古浪县黄花滩乡人民政府农业综合服务中心,甘肃省古浪县古浪镇人民政府农业综合服务中心,甘肃省林业工作站管理局,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃农业大学农学院
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-10 修回日期:2015-10-20 接受日期:2015-10-22 出版日期:2016-03-29 发布日期:2016-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 李玲玲
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目“西北绿洲农牧循环技术集成与示范”(2012BAD14B10)。

Effect of Straw Returning and Fertilization on Yields of Wheat-Rape Multiple Cropping and Resource Use Efficiency

杨育川,,, and   

  • Received:2015-09-10 Revised:2015-10-20 Accepted:2015-10-22 Online:2016-03-29 Published:2016-03-29

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摘要： 为了减少化肥投入,控制秸秆焚烧污染,探求作物秸秆有效还田的技术途径,采用二因素随机区组设计,在甘肃河西绿洲灌区通过大田试验,研究了小麦留高茬收割后立茬、粉碎、焚烧3种秸秆还田方式及化肥减量施用(参照N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2)对春小麦复种油菜的产量以及资源利用率的影响。结果表明,3种秸秆还田的措施可提高籽粒产量和水、肥、光能利用率。其中小麦单产以高施肥、麦茬粉碎还田处理最高,复种油菜单产以秸秆焚烧还田、化肥减量15%处理最高,分别达7444 kg/hm2和997 kg/hm2。小麦水分利用率以麦茬粉碎还田、化肥减量15%处理最高,油菜水分利用率以秸秆焚烧还田、化肥减量15%处理最高,分别达1.75 kg/m3、0.50 kg/m3。全年光能利用率和生育期光能利用率均以高施肥、麦茬粉碎还田处理最高,分别为0.68%、1.56%。氮肥利用率和磷肥利用率均以麦茬粉碎还田、化肥减量15%处理最高,分别为53.20%、50.01%。化肥减量15%时,各高留茬秸秆还田处理间作物产量、光能利用率和氮磷肥利用率之间没有显著差异,说明在合理的秸秆还田措施保证条件下,化肥较当前高施肥水平降低15%在生产中是可行的。从经济效益、生态效益和保护环境方面综合分析,小麦留茬25 cm收割,旋耕粉碎还田后复种油菜是最佳方案。

关键词: 猪流行性腹泻, 猪流行性腹泻, 流行病学, 调查

Abstract: In order to reduce fertilizer application, control pollution of straw burning and explore technical ways of straw returning, randomized block design method and field experiment were conducted in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. The effect of straw returning methods including standing stubble, crushing and burning, and reduced fertilization on multiple cropping of wheat-rape was studied. The results showed that the highest wheat yield was 7444 kg/hm2, which was obtained by high fertilization and wheat straw returned after crushing. The highest rapeseed yield was 997 kg/hm2, which was obtained by wheat straw burning and 15% fertilizer reduction. Water use efficiency, nitrogen utilization rate and phosphorus utilization rate of wheat were the highest by wheat straw returned after crushing and fertilizer reduction of 15%, and water use efficiency of rape was the highest under wheat straw burning and fertilizer reduction of 15% . Light energy utilization efficiency was the highest by high fertilization and wheat straw returned after crushing. The yield, light energy utilization efficiency, nitrogen utilization rate and phosphorus utilization rate did not differ significantly among different treatments when fertilizer application was reduced by 15% . Therefore, under the reasonable conditions of straw returning, it was feasible to cut the chemical fertilizer application by 15% compared with current high fertilization rate. By comprehensive analysis of economic benefit, ecological benefit and environment protection, it showed that sowing rape after wheat harvest leaving stubble of 25 cm high and straw crushing and returning with rotary cultivator was the best practice.

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