青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100119

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 166-171.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100119

所属专题：资源与环境；农业生态

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响

王学全,李少华

中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所

收稿日期:2015-10-27 修回日期:2015-11-16 接受日期:2015-11-19 出版日期:2016-01-28 发布日期:2016-01-28
通讯作者: 王学全
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“青海湖流域生态水文过程与水分收支研究”(41130640)；国家“十二五”科技支撑课题“高寒干旱沙区沙化土地综合治理技术研究与试验示范”(2012BAD16B0105)。

Effect of River Channel Change on Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin

Received:2015-10-27 Revised:2015-11-16 Accepted:2015-11-19 Online:2016-01-28 Published:2016-01-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响，通过对青海湖流域5 条主要河流上中下游河道断面土壤及植被调查，结合水文和裸鲤监测数据，分析青海湖流域河道变化和湿地生态系统特点。研究结果表明：由于人类不合理的水土资源开发，湿地生态系统面临前所未有的挑战和压力。近年来，由于河流上游坡面侵蚀、中游阶地沟蚀河岸垮塌以及下游水利引水灌溉工程的影响，使得河道阻塞，河流改道或断流时有发生，最直接影响是阻断裸鲤回溯产卵通道，威胁青海湖湿地生态系统的稳定和安全。提出改善青海湖流域河道过水条件，保障青海湖流域湿地生态系统稳定和安全的对策措施。

关键词: 意大利石松, 意大利石松, 沙土类型, 萌发率, 出苗率, 鲜重及干重

Abstract: In order to study the impact of river channel change on the wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin, soil and vegetation in 5 main streams of Qinghai Lake Basin were investigated. Combined with hydrological and Gymnocypris przewalskii monitoring data, river channel change and the characteristics of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin were analyzed. The results showed that due to the irrational exploitation of water and soil resources, the wetland ecosystem was facing unprecedented challenges and pressures in recent years. Especially owing to soil erosion in the upper reaches, terrace gully erosion and river banks collapse in the middle reaches, and the influence of downstream water diversion irrigation project, the rivers became blocked, river diversion or drying-up happened occasionally. All of the above interrupted the backtracking channels for Gymnocypris przewalskii to spawning, thus threatened the stability and security of the Qinghai Lake wetland ecological system. The paper put forward some countermeasures for improving the stability and safety of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin.

中图分类号:

TV147

王学全,李少华. 青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(1): 166-171.

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青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响

Effect of River Channel Change on Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin

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