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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (26): 97-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020051

所属专题: 资源与环境 农业生态

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西南地区生态修复动态效果评价与探讨

张瑞庆,韩霁昌,张 扬   

  1. (陕西省土地工程建设集团/陕西地建土地工程技术研究院/国土资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,西安 710075)
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-17 修回日期:2016-04-13 接受日期:2016-04-25 出版日期:2016-09-21 发布日期:2016-09-21
  • 通讯作者: 韩霁昌
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划课题“山地丘陵区空心村整治关键技术集成示范”(2014BAL01 B03)。

Ecological Restoration in Southwest China: Dynamic Effect Evaluation and Discussion

Zhang Ruiqing, Han Jichang, Zhang Yang   

  1. (Shaanxi Land Construction Group/Shaanxi Construction Land Engineering Technology Institute/Key Laboratory of Degradation and Unused Land Construction Engineering, Ministry of Land Resources of China, Xi’an 710075)
  • Received:2016-02-17 Revised:2016-04-13 Accepted:2016-04-25 Online:2016-09-21 Published:2016-09-21

摘要: 由于矿山废弃地对生态环境造成严重的破坏,因此迫切需要对矿山废弃地进行生态恢复与重建。对西南地区原生自然植被区(JC1)、人工生态修复区(JC2)与裸露无修复区(JC3)3种环江北山矿区周边不同生态条件下的土壤理化性质指标、植物群落指标与土壤生物活性指标进行动态监测。结果表明:人工生态修复区,土壤的全氮含量、有效磷、速效钾含量均在第1年达到最高(分别为0.042、7.4、42.5 mg/kg),之后逐年降低;人工生态修复区植被覆盖度逐年降低,在第3年达到稳定状态;灌木种类数量呈逐年增加趋势,草本种类数量呈逐年降低并在第3年达到相对稳定,维持在22种;土壤蚯蚓密度维持在5~8只/m2,土壤呼吸强度随时间逐步降低,从第1年的22 mg/(g·h)逐步降低至第5年的15.2 mg/(g·h)。人工生态修复区较裸露无修复区提高了土壤养分含量,改善了土壤的物理性质,丰富了植被种类,增加了土壤的生物活性。

关键词: 大豆, 大豆, 丰产性, 稳产性, 评价分析

Abstract: Due to the severe damage to ecological environment caused by abandoned mine lands, it is urgent for ecological restoration and reconstruction. The indexes of physical and chemical properties, plant communities and biological activities under 3 different ecological conditions in Huanjiang Beishan mine, which were native natural vegetation (JC1), artificial ecological restoration zone (JC2) and bare-free repair zone (JC3) in southwest China, were monitored dynamically. The results showed that: the content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in artificial ecological restoration zone were the highest in the first year (0.042 mg/kg, 7.4 mg/kg, 42.5 mg/kg, respectively), then decreased year by year; vegetation coverage decreased year by year, and tended to be stable in the third year; the number of shrub species showed an increasing trend and the number of herb species decreased year by year and reached a relatively stable level in the third year (22 species); earthworm density in soil was 5-8/m2, soil respiration intensity gradually decreased over time, from 22 mg/(g·h) of the first year to 15.2 mg/(g·h) of the fifth year. Compared with the bare-free repair area, artificial ecological restoration zone can improve the soil nutrient content and soil physical properties, enrich vegetation types, and increase the soil biological activity.

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