欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (22): 110-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030163

所属专题: 园艺 农业气象

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

杏树晚霜冻综合防控新技术

丁改秀1,王保明1,陈亚芳2,王保国2,秦国杰1,王 松1,仓国营3,牛兴艳3,温鹏飞4   

  1. (1山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,太原 030031;2中北大学化工与环境学院,太原 030031;3芮城县果业发展中心,山西芮城 044600;4山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷 030801)
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-22 修回日期:2016-06-02 接受日期:2016-06-20 出版日期:2016-08-09 发布日期:2016-08-09
  • 通讯作者: 温鹏飞
  • 基金资助:
    山西省农业科学院专利项目“果树化学升温及烟雾防晚霜技术研究与应用”(YZL1003);山西省财政支农项目“果树化学燃料防霜新技术示范推广”(NYGX2015-04)。

The New Technology of Apricot Frost Disaster Prevention

Ding Gaixiu1, Wang Baoming1, Chen Yafang2, Wang Baoguo2, Qin Guojie1, Wang Song 1, Cang Guoying3, Niu Xingyan3, Wen Pengfei4   

  1. (1Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031;2School of Chemical and Environment Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030031;3Ruicheng Fruit Industry Development Center, Ruicheng Shanxi 044600;4College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu Shanxi 030801)
  • Received:2016-03-22 Revised:2016-06-02 Accepted:2016-06-20 Online:2016-08-09 Published:2016-08-09

摘要: 大范围晚霜冻受强冷气流降温和强烈辐射冷却等多因素影响,防控难度较大。在传统防霜技术的基础上,笔者发明了“精确测报霜冻温度(±0.1℃)变化 化学燃料块升温”综合防控霜冻技术,即采用实用新型专利(ZL2006 2 0128137.6)——“便携式自动防霜报警仪”进行田间霜冻温度变化监控并报警;并采用发明专利(ZL2013 1 0003313.8)——“锯末燃料块 型煤块”实施组合燃烧放热,以提高霜冻时杏园温度,从而有效防控杏树晚霜危害。试验结果表明:报警仪温度探头工作稳定,能够连续、精确测定杏园温度;组合燃料点燃后,能够释放大量烟雾,降低杏园能见度,显著提高杏园温度。每公顷240个燃料点能够提高杏园温度1.53~2.15℃,每公顷375个燃料点能够提高杏园温度3.10~4.40℃,显著降低杏花受冻率,具有明显的防霜冻效果。

关键词: 设施蔬菜, 设施蔬菜, 黄瓜花叶病毒, ELISA, RT-PCR, 检测

Abstract: Wide range late frost is a complex process, affected by strong cold air flow, intense radiation cooling and other factors, causing a lot of difficulties to prevent and control it. On the basis of traditional Chinese frost prevention technology (according to the weather forecast or experience of weather and fuel fumes), the authors invented an instrument that could forecast the temperature accurately (±0.1℃) and chemical fuel block that could arise temperature to prevent frost. The authors used Chinese utility model patent (ZL2006 2 0128137.6) portable automatic frost prevention alarming device for the field temperature monitoring and alarm, and Chinese invention patent (ZL2013 1 0003313.8) products (sawdust fuel block and briquette burning) to improve orchard temperature in the frost day. The results showed that: the operation of the alarming device probes was stable, and could measure the temperature of the apricot continuously and accurately. The composite fuel block would release a large amount of smoke and reduce visibility; 240 fuel points/hm2 could improve apricot orchard temperature by 1.53-2.15℃, and 375 fuel points/hm2 could improve apricot orchard temperature by 3.10-4.40℃, significantly reduced the freezing rate of the flower, and thus effectively prevented frost damage.