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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 61-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050147

所属专题: 油料作物

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕作方式与秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性状及花生产量的影响

司贤宗   

  1. 河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-25 修回日期:2016-08-01 接受日期:2016-08-16 出版日期:2017-03-01 发布日期:2017-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 司贤宗
  • 基金资助:
    河南省花生产业技术体系耕作栽培岗位(S2012-05-G02)、河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金、河南省重大科技攻关项目(122101110600)资助。

Effect of Tillage Method and Straw Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Peanut Yield

  • Received:2016-05-25 Revised:2016-08-01 Accepted:2016-08-16 Online:2017-03-01 Published:2017-03-01

摘要: 采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了耕作方式(免耕、垄作)与秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质及花生产量的影响,旨在为砂姜黑土区花生的高产、优质和小麦秸秆合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明,花生开花期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的耕层土壤温度和盐分均最高,而土壤水分含量最低;花生收获期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的耕层土壤pH值最高,而土壤容重最小;花生不同生育期,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的叶片SPAD值均最大;起垄覆盖小麦秸秆的花生产量最高,比免耕不覆盖小麦秸秆的和免耕覆盖小麦秸秆的花生产量分别增加664.7 kg/hm2、818.1 kg/hm2,增产率分别为19.4%、25.0%。免耕不覆盖小麦秸秆,起垄覆盖小麦秸秆和免耕覆盖小麦秸秆等3种方式下,远杂9307分别比远杂6产量增加13.8%、9.9%和15.8%。远杂9307起垄种植,小麦秸秆覆盖量为4500 kg/hm2,花生产量最高,为4290.0 kg/hm2,对土壤理化性质改善较佳,建议在花生生产上示范应用。

关键词: 土壤-作物系统, 土壤-作物系统, 水稻, 产量, 品质, 元素指纹

Abstract: In order to provide technical basis for peanut high-yield and wheat straw reasonable use in vertisol area, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage method (no-tillage and ridge culture) and straw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and peanut yield using split-plot randomized block design. The results showed that in peanut flowering period, the treatment of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching had the highest temperature and salinity content in topsoil, but it had the lowest water content; in peanut harvest period, the treatment of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching had the highest pH value in topsoil, but it had the lowest soil bulk density; in different development stages of peanut, leaf SPAD values in ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching were the biggest; peanut yield of ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching was the highest, compared with no-tillage without wheat straw mulching and no-tillage with wheat straw mulching, the yield increased by 664.7 and 818.1 kg/hm2, and the yield increase rate was 19.4% and 25.0%, respectively. Under three modes such as no-tillage without wheat straw mulching, ridge tillage with wheat straw mulching and no-tillage with wheat straw mulching, yield of‘Yuanza 9307’was 13.8%, 9.9% and 15.8% higher than that of‘Yuanza 6’. Overall, peanut yield of‘Yuanza 9307’in ridge tillage with 4500 kg/hm2 wheat straw mulching was the highest of 4290.0 kg/hm2, which could improve soil physical and chemical properties, it could be recommended for application demonstration in peanut production.

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