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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (19): 83-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030041

所属专题： 农业地理； 耕地保护

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

1990-2013年洋河流域土地利用景观格局的粒度效应

易海杰,张 丽,罗 维,王 瑶,杨 剑,李红举,周 同,冯兆忠   

  1. 山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西农业大学资源环境学院,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,山西农业大学资源环境学院,国土资源部土地整理中心,国土资源部土地整理中心,国土资源部土地整理中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-07 修回日期:2018-06-13 接受日期:2018-05-07 出版日期:2018-07-11 发布日期:2018-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 罗 维
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于化学、毒理和生态‘三位一体’(Triad)法研究流域不同土地利用重金属污染土壤的生态风险及其影响” (41571479)；国家自然科学基金项目“流域土地利用与景观格局变化对土壤重金属的影响——以洋河流域为例”(41271502)；国家重点研发计划课题 “海岸带小流域水污染防控与生态功能综合提升技术”(2017YFC0505803)；国土资源部土地整理中心外协项目“土地整治生态效益评价指南研究” (2018-01-13)。

Spatial Grain Size Effect on Land Use Pattern Changes Within the Yanghe Watershed in 1990-2013

  • Received:2018-03-07 Revised:2018-06-13 Accepted:2018-05-07 Online:2018-07-11 Published:2018-07-11

摘要： 为测度景观格局指数在时空上随粒度变化的特征，总结相同景观在不同粒度下的景观特征差异，基于1990、2000、2013 年洋河流域的土地利用数据，在斑块类型与景观水平上选择景观格局指数，利用GIS 技术和Fragstats 软件，在20~400 m粒度范围内探讨流域不同时期景观格局指数的粒度效应，并对景观格局指数进行敏感度与函数拟合分析。结果表明：在斑块类型水平上，随粒度增大，1990—2013年洋河流域6 种土地利用类型的归一化形状指数(NLSI)、聚合指数(AI)、聚集度指数(CLUMPY)均呈二次多项式函数减小，耕地、林地、城乡建设用地的斑块密度(PD)呈二次多项式函数减小，未利用土地的PD呈线性函数减小；对粒度响应最敏感的景观格局指数是水域的有效粒度面积(MESH)与城乡建设用地的NLSI，受粒度影响最大的土地利用类型是水域；2013 年洋河流域未利用土地的AI、CLUMPY、MESH与平均形状指数(SHAPE_MN)皆小于1990、2000 年，但其NSLI 值却高于1990、2000 年，城乡建设用地的这些景观格局指数的年间差异与未利用土地相反；2013 年洋河流域未利用土地和城乡建设用地的PD 值均高于1990、2000 年。在景观水平上，洋河流域的PD 与LSI 对粒度响应最敏感，景观丰度(PR)不随粒度变化而变化，但是香农多样性(SHDI)、香农均匀度(SHEI)、形状变异系数(SHAPE_CV)随粒度变化而变化复杂。在景观水平上，1990—2013 年洋河流域的SHAPE_MN、平均分维数(FRAC_MN)、AI、蔓延度(CONTAG)、PD、景观形状指数(LSI)与凝聚度(COHESION)随粒度变化的曲线较接近。洋河流域的景观指数具有明显的粒度效应，不同时期的景观格局指数对粒度变化的响应不同，景观类型对空间粒度变化的响应也有所不同，本研究可为流域景观格局变化研究提供参考。

关键词: 番茄, 番茄, 产量, 品质, 磷素利用, Olsen-P

Abstract: To measure landscape pattern metrics traits with changes of grain sizes, and summarize differences of landscape traits in different grain sizes, based on data of land use within the Yanghe Watershed in 1990, 2000 and 2013, landscape pattern metrics were chosen at the levels of class and landscape, and the effects of grain sizes in the range of 20 to 400 m on landscape pattern metrics were analyzed, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Fragstats software. The functions for landscape pattern metrics and grain sizes were fitted and the variation coefficients of landscape pattern metrics were determined. The results showed that the normalized landscape shape index (NLSI), the aggregation index (AI), and the clumpiness (CLUMPY) for all land-use types at the class level within the Yanghe Watershed in 1990-2013 decreased with increasing of grain sizes and were well fitted by the quadratic polynomial-functions. Similarly, changes of patch density (PD) with grain sizes for farmland, woodland and rural-urban construction land were well fitted by quadratic polynomial functions and those for unused land were well fitted by a negatively linear function. Moreover, among all the landscape pattern metrics, the effective mesh size (MESH) and the normalized landscape shape index (NLSI) were the most sensitive to the changes of grain sizes for water area and rural-urban construction land, respectively. Among all the land-use types within the Yanghe watershed, the water area was the most sensitive to the changes of grain sizes. The AI, CLUMPY, MESH and the mean shape index (SHAPE_MN) for unused land in 2013 were smaller than those in 1990 and 2000, while the NLSI for unused land in 2013 was higher than those in 1990 and 2000. Besides, the yearly differences of the AI, CLUMPY, MESH, NLSI for the rural-urban construction land in 1990-2013 were completely contrary to those for the unused land. The PD for unused land and rural-urban construction land in 2013 was higher than those in 1990 and 2000. At the landscape level, among all landscape metrics, the PD and LSI were the most sensitive to the changes of grain sizes. The patch richness (PR) did not change with the grain sizes. Changes of the Shannon diversity index (SHDI), the Shannon evenness index (SHEI) and the shape coefficient of variation index (SHAPE_CV) with the grain sizes were complex. Changes of the mean fractal dimension index (FRAC_MN), the SHAPE_MN, the AI, the contagion (CONTAG), the PD, the landscape shape index (LSI) and the cohesion (COHESION) with grain sizes in 2013 were similar to those in 1990 and 2000. The paper concludes that significant scale effects exist in most landscape pattern metrics in the Yanghe Watershed landscape, in addition, different responses to the changing grain size occur with different landscape metrics, and various land use types. The present study could improve the understanding of the changes of landscape pattern at the scale of watershed in the future.