中梁山岩溶槽谷区不同土地类型土壤生态化学计量学特征

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明中梁山岩溶槽谷区不同土地类型土壤养分的空间分布特征及其影响因素，运用地统计学理论和实验室分析方法，以中梁山槽谷区典型耕地、荒草地和林地为研究对象，分析不同土地类型、不同土层深度(0~15、15~30、30~45 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)空间分布规律和生态化学计量学特征。结果表明：3种土地类型土壤SOC、TN和TP含量的平均值分别为20587.8、1472.8、598.9 mg/kg，SOC和TN空间变异性较大，TP变异性较小。土壤C、N、P含量随土层深度的增加而降低。SOC、TN含量为：林地＞荒草地＞耕地；TP 含量为：耕地＞荒草地＞林地。土壤C/N、C/P 和N/P 空间变异较大（变异系数CV＞28%），C/N值变化范围为5.04~41.2，平均值为14.1；C/P 值变化范围为11.02~105.42，平均值为37.28；N/P 值的变化范围为0.99~6.32，平均值为2.71。不同土地类型土壤C/N 差异不显著，C/P、N/P值差异显著。C/N 值为林地＞耕地＞荒草地，C/P、N/P 值为林地＞荒草地＞耕地。耕地土壤SOC、TN和TP之间有显著的相关关系(P＜0.01)，线性拟合度较高；荒草地和林地的TN与TP、SOC与TP相关性不太明显，线性拟合度较低。C、N、P 含量及其生态化学计量值受土壤理化性质、土地类型和人类活动等因子影响。通过对土壤理化性质分析表明：土壤TN、SOC和碱解氮是影响土壤C/N、C/P 和N/P 值的主要因素。中梁山岩溶槽谷区土壤C、N、P含量和C/N/P 值受土地类型、土壤理化性质、人类活动等因素影响较为明显，空间变异性较大。在实际土地利用过程中，要根据不同类型土壤养分状况，因地制宜、科学合理的利用土地，减少土壤养分流失。

关键词: 昌黎, 昌黎, 酒葡萄, 霜霉病, 气象条件

Abstract: To elucidate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in different land types and their influencing factors in Karst valley region, the authors explored the soil ecological stoichiometric characteristics and the distribution of farmland, grassland and forest in the Zhongliang Mountain trough valley area. The soils of different land-use-types and soil depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) were selected to analyze their soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content based on geostatistic approach and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the average value of SOC, TN and TP in the three soil types was 20587.8, 1472.8 and 598.9 mg/kg, respectively. The variation of SOC and TN was larger, and the TP variability was smaller. The content of soil C, N and P decreased with the increase of soil depth. The content of SOC and TN was: forest＞wild grassland＞farmland; TP content was: farmland＞wild grassland＞forest. The spatial variation of soil C/N, C/P and N/P were large (CV>28%), and the changing range of C/N value was 5.04 to 41.2, with an average value of 14.1. The changing range of C/P value was 11.02 to 105.42 and the mean value was 37.28.The changing range of N/P value was 0.99 to 6.32, with an average value of 2.71. There was no significant difference in soil C/N among different land types but significant difference in C/P and N/P. The value of C/N was forest＞farmland＞wild grassland, and C/P, N/P value showed a different trend as forest＞ wild grassland＞farmland. There was a significant correlation between SOC, TN and TP in farmland soil (P < 0.01). The correlations between TN and TP, SOC and TP of wild grassland and forest were not obvious. The content of C, N, P and its ecological stoichiometry were influenced by the soil physical and chemical properties, land types and human activities. The analysis of soil physical and chemical properties showed that soil TN, SOC and available nitrogen were the main factors affecting soil C/N, C/P and N/P value. The soil C, N, P content and C/N/P value in the Karst trough valley of Zhongliang Mountain were influenced by land types, soil physical and chemical properties, human activities and other factors with large spatial variability. In actual land use, soil nutrient loss could be reduced by scientific and rational use of land according to local conditions.

彭学义,贾亚男,蒋勇军,吴韦,卫敏洁. 中梁山岩溶槽谷区不同土地类型土壤生态化学计量学特征[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(5): 84-92.

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