欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 93-99.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080072

所属专题: 小麦 水稻

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕作方式和施氮量对稻茬小麦产量构成和群体质量的影响

丁锦峰1, 乐韬1, 李福建1, 童璐2, 谭世杰1, 马晓雯1, 朱新开1, 李春燕1, 郭文善1   

  1. 1.扬州大学;2.1980119420
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-16 修回日期:2019-01-13 接受日期:2018-11-09 出版日期:2019-02-13 发布日期:2019-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 郭文善
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“长江中下游丰产抗逆型优质弱中筋小麦品种筛选及其配套栽培技术、苏中稻-麦精准化优质丰产绿色增效技术集 成与示范”(2016YFD0300405、SQ2018YFD030122);江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系;江苏省科技成果转化专项资金项目“优质高产抗赤国审新 品种苏麦188、苏麦11 研发及产业化”(BA2016154);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”项目(扬人才办[2016]23 号);扬州大 学科技创新团队项目“粮食作物现代生产技术集成与应用”。

Tillage Modes and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates Affect Yield Component and Population Quality in Wheat Following Rice

  • Received:2018-08-16 Revised:2019-01-13 Accepted:2018-11-09 Online:2019-02-13 Published:2019-02-13

摘要: 以苏麦188为材料,在水稻秸秆全量还田条件下研究板茬、旋耕、耕翻等耕作方式和施氮量210kg/hm2、240 kg/hm2、270 kg/hm2对小麦群体质量和产量及其结构的影响,为稻茬小麦大面积机械化栽培提供参考。结果表明:板茬方式产量显著高于旋耕和耕翻;随施氮量增加,产量逐渐提高。产量在不同耕作方式与施氮量间存在显著的互作效应。相比其他耕作方式,板茬方式每穗粒数和千粒重较高;群体茎蘖数多,但分蘖成穗率不高、源库协调水平偏低,花后具有较高的光合生产能力。随施氮量增加,穗数和每穗粒数、群体茎蘖数和分蘖成穗率、花后光合生产能力以及源库协调性均呈提高趋势。说明,通过合理增施氮肥可以进一步改善板茬方式下小麦群体质量,协同提升产量构成因素,实现增产。本试验条件下采用板茬方式配以施氮量270 kg/hm2或240 kg/hm2处理产量最高。

关键词: 品种, 品种, 稳定性, R语言, 程序

Abstract: In a field experiment under the condition of rice straw returning, we took wheat variety‘Sumai 188’ as the material and investigated the effects of different tillage modes and nitrogen fertilization rates on wheat yield component and population quality, to provide reference for large area mechanized cultivation of wheat following rice. There were 3 tillage managements, including no-tillage, rotary-tillage and ploughing, as well as 3 nitrogen fertilization rates including 210 kg/hm2, 240 kg/hm2, 270 kg/hm2. The results showed that: the wheat yield under no-tillage was significantly higher than those under rotary-tillage and ploughing condition; the yield was improved gradually with the increase of nitrogen rates; a significant interaction effect was found between tillage modes and nitrogen rates on grain yield; compared with other tillage modes, wheat under notillage had higher grains per spike and 1000-grains weight, more tillers with lower percentage of earring- tillers, lower source- sink coordination, and better photosynthetic ability after the anthesis stage; with the increase of nitrogen rates, a consistent improvement was observed in spike number, grains per spike, tillage number, the percentage of earring-tillers, photosynthetic produce ability after the thesis stage, and source-sink coordination. These results suggest that appropriate increase of nitrogen fertilizers could improve grain yield by optimizing wheat population quality and synergistically enhancing yield components. The highest yield is achieved under the nitrogen rate of 270 kg/hm2 or 240 kg/hm2 under no-tillage mode.