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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 78-85.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090087

所属专题： 马铃薯

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国马铃薯土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量

孙洪仁1, 冮丽华2, 张吉萍3, 吕玉才3, 王应海4   

  1. 1 中国农业大学草地研究所,北京 100193
    2 中国薯网·内蒙古金豆农业科技有限公司,呼和浩特 010020
    3 凯风新农（北京）科技有限公司,北京 100095
    4 北京东方润泽生态科技股份有限公司,北京 100086
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-18 修回日期:2018-12-11 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-21
  • 作者简介:孙洪仁,男,1965年出生,副教授,硕士,研究方向：牧草与作物水肥管理。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号 中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系,Tel：010-62733083,E-mail：sunhongren@cau.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系”(CARS-35)

The Abundance-deficiency Indexes of Soil NPK and Appropriate Fertilization Rates for Potato in China

Sun Hongren1, Gang Lihua2, Zhang Jiping3, Lv Yucai3, Wang Yinghai4   

  1. 1 Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
    2 China Potato Net·Inner Mongolia Jindou Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd, Huhhot 010020
    3 Beijing Cofine Sci. &Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100095
    4 Beijing Insentek Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100086
  • Received:2018-09-18 Revised:2018-12-11 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-21

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摘要：

采用零散理论数据整合法和“养分平衡-地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了中国马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究。结果表明：中国马铃薯土壤第1~7级全氮丰缺指标依次为≥2.22、1.55~2.22、1.08~1.55、0.76~1.08、0.53~0.76、0.37~0.53、＜0.37 g/kg,碱解氮依次为≥306、203~306、135~203、90~135、60~90、40~60、＜40 mg/kg;北方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥50、25~50、13~25、7~13、4~7、2~4、＜2 mg/kg,南方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥81、43~81、27~43、15~27、4~15、＜4 mg/kg;中国土壤速效钾(NH4OAc-K)第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥307、182~307、120~182、72~120、31~72、＜31 mg/kg。当氮、磷、钾肥当季利用率分别为40%、20%、50%,马铃薯目标产量15~75 t/hm 2时,土壤养分丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施氮量范围依次为0~0、23~113、45~225、68~338、90~450、113~563、135~675 kg/hm 2,适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0、12~60、24~120、36~180、48~240、60~300、72~360 kg/hm 2,适宜施钾量范围依次为0~0、21~105、42~210、63~315、84~420、105~525、126~630 kg/hm 2。

关键词: 中国, 马铃薯, 测土施肥, 土壤养分, 丰缺指标, 施肥量

Abstract:

The abundance-deficiency index (ADI) of soil N,P,K and the appropriate fertilizer application rates for potato in China were studied. The methods of scattered theoretical data integration and the new applied formula based on “nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield” for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed. The results show that the ADI of soil total nitrogen for potato in China from the first to the seventh level are ≥2.22, 1.55-2.22, 1.08-1.55, 0.76-1.08, 0.53-0.76, 0.37-0.53 and ＜0.37 g/kg, respectively. The ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are ≥306, 203-306, 135-203, 90~135, 60~90, 40~60 and ＜40 mg/kg. The ADI of soil available P (Olsen-P) from the first to the seventh level in north China are ≥50, 25-50, 13-25, 7-13, 4-7, 2-4 and ＜2 mg/kg, respectively. The ADI of soil available P (Olsen-P) from the first to the sixth level in south China are ≥81, 43-81, 27-43, 15-27, 4-15 and ＜4 mg/kg. The ADI of soil available K (NH4OAc-K) from the first to the sixth level in China were ≥307, 182-307, 120-182, 72-120, 31-72 and ＜31 mg/kg, respectively. When the N, P and K fertilizer use efficiency of current season is 40%, 20% and 50%, respectively, and the projected yield of potato is 15-75 t/hm 2, the ranges of appropriate N fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0, 23-113, 45-225, 68-338, 90-450, 113-563 and 135-675 kg/hm 2, respectively. The ranges of the appropriate P fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0, 12-60, 24-120, 36-180, 48-240, 60-300 and 72-360 kg/hm 2. The ranges of the appropriate K fertilizer application rates from the first to the sixth level soil are 0-0, 21-105, 42-210, 63-315, 84-420, 105-525 and 126-630 kg/hm 2, respectively.

Key words: China, potato, soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, soil nutrient, abundance-deficiency index, fertilizer application rate

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