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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 66-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100021

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

武威市光热水匹配及其对农作物的影响

蒋菊芳1,2, 齐月1, 王鹤龄1, 魏育国2, 程倩2, 杨华2   

  1. 1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,兰州 730020
    2甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站,武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-09 修回日期:2018-11-01 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-01-22
  • 作者简介:蒋菊芳,女,1979年出生,甘肃武威人,副高级工程师,硕士,主要从事农业与生态气象业务和科研工作。通信地址:733000 甘肃省武威市凉州区荣宁路87号 武威市气象局,Tel:0935-5938285,E-mail: wwqxjjf@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目“灌浆期高温与水分胁迫交互作用对半干旱区春玉米生长和产量影响”(41505098);公益性行业(气象)科研专项重大专项“干旱气象科学研究——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理”(GYHY201506001-2);甘肃省气象局十人计划项目(GSMArc2019-03);武威市科技计划项目(WW180213)

The Matching of Light Heat Water and Its Influence on Crops in Wuwei

Jiang Jufang1,2, Qi Yue1, Wang Heling1, Wei Yuguo2, Cheng Qian2, Yang Hua2   

  1. 1Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou /Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reducing of CMA, Lanzhou 730020
    2Agriculture Station of Wuwei Meteorological Bureau City of Gansu Province, Wuwei Gansu 733000
  • Received:2018-10-09 Revised:2018-11-01 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-01-22

摘要:

为增强气象为农服务能力,保障粮食生产安全。以1981—2017年武威市各县(区)定点观测光热水资源和农作物生育及产量资料为基础,运用气候倾向率、相关系数法、SPSS13.0统计软件,分析了光热水资源变化及匹配特征和对农作物的影响。结果表明:(1)1981—2017年,武威市各县(区)≥10℃活动积温和日照时数呈极显著增大趋势,且增加幅度和稳定性从北向南逐渐减小,期间降水量呈略增加趋势,中北部光、热、水资源稳定增加,适宜作物生长的气候区域在扩大。(2)水热系数呈减小趋势,干燥度除民勤略减小外,其他县(区)呈略增大趋势;光温积呈极显著增大趋势,而光温比民勤和凉州呈极显著增加趋势,古浪和天祝呈极显著减小趋势;光温匹配在向利于农作物产量形成发展。(3)从相关系数看,光热资源增加促进喜凉作物生育和结实进程,光热匹配利于提高喜温作物子粒重和经济产量。从全市光、热、水资源匹配看,天祝和古浪浅山区适宜喜凉作物生长,有发展畜牧业和林业的气候条件。民勤、凉州和古浪川区适宜种植喜温作物,玉米、甜高粱、谷子、向日葵和瓜果,适宜发展特色农业。

关键词: 武威市, 光热水, 农作物, 匹配, 影响

Abstract:

To enhance the ability of meteorological service for agriculture and ensure the safety of food production, based on the fixed-point observation data of light heat water resources, crop growth and yield from 1981 to 2017 in various counties (districts) of Wuwei City, the change and matching characteristics of light heat water resources and their impacts on crops were analyzed by using climatic tendency rate, correlation coefficient method and SPSS13.0 statistical software. The results showed that: (1) 1981-2017, the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and sunshine hours increased significantly, and the increase range and stability decreased gradually from north to south, during the period, the precipitation slightly increased, the light, heat and water resources increased steadily in the middle and north, the suitable climate region for crop growth were enlarged; (2) the hydrothermal coefficient showed a decreasing trend, the dryness increased slightly except in Minqin, the light temperature product showed an extremely significant increase trend, while the light temperature ratio showed an extremely significant increase in Minqin and Liangzhou, but an extremely significant decrease in Gulang and Tianzhu, the light temperature matching was beneficial to the formation and development of crop yield; (3) according to the correlation coefficient, the increase of light and heat resources promoted the growth and fruiting process of cool-loving crops, and the matching of light and heat could increase the grain weight and economic yield of warm-loving crops. According to the matching of light, heat and water resources in the whole city, Tianzhu and Gulang shallow mountainous are suitable for the growth of cool crops, and their climatic conditions are also suitable for developing animal husbandry and forestry. Minqin, Liangzhou and Gulang flat land are suitable for growing warm-loving crops, such as maize, sweet sorghum, millet, sunflower and melon fruits, and for developing characteristic agriculture.

Key words: Wuwei, light heat water, crops, matching, effect

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