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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (29): 146-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2015-0120

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同体色瓯江彩鲤与青灰色野鲤的杂交效果分析

张鹏辉1,2(), 曾春晓2, 柯景2, 陈晓雯2, 王军2, 严欣1, 陈丽婷1(), 王成辉2()   

  1. 1 农业农村部中国(广西)-东盟水产种质资源综合开发与利用重点实验室(部省共建)/广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室/广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院, 南宁 530021
    2 上海海洋大学/农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-07-16 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 通讯作者:
    陈丽婷,女,1986年出生,广西玉林人,硕士,研究方向:鱼类遗传育种与健康养殖。通信地址:530020 广西南宁市青秀区青山路8号 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院。E-mail:
    王成辉,男,1972年出生,湖南宁远人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水产动物种质资源与种苗工程、遗传育种研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张鹏辉,男,1999年出生,安徽淮南人,硕士,研究方向:不同体色瓯江彩鲤与青灰色野鲤的杂交效果分析。通信地址:201306 上海市浦东新区临港新城镇沪城环路999号 上海海洋大学,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室开放基金资助“彩鲤与野鲤的杂交效果研究”(GXKEYLA-2023-02-13)

Analysis of Hybridization Effects Between Oujiang Color Common Carps with Different Body Colors and Wild Common Carp

ZHANG Penghui1,2(), ZENG Chunxiao2, KE Jing2, CHEN Xiaowen2, WANG Jun2, YAN Xin1, CHEN Liting1(), WANG Chenghui2()   

  1. 1 China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Exploitation and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture of Guangxi/ Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021
    2 Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture / Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-07-16 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-22

摘要:

本研究旨在比较4种体色瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. color)与青灰色野鲤(Cyprinus carpio)杂交后代的生长性能、体色特征、血液生理指标及肌肉营养品质差异,为瓯江彩鲤鱼的配套系育种及种质资源利用提供理论依据。采用巢式杂交设计,以4种体色瓯江彩鲤(“全红”、“麻花”、“粉玉”和“粉花”)为母本、青灰色野鲤为父本构建杂交组合。通过同池混养标记评估杂交子代的生长性能,统计了外部形态的可数性状。采用显微观察法比较了杂交子代的皮肤色素细胞数量和大小,应用荧光定量PCR技术检测了体色相关基因在皮肤组织中的表达水平。通过全自动生化分析仪测定了常氧和低氧胁迫下的血液生理指标;使用氨基酸自动分析仪检测背部肌肉中氨基酸的种类和含量,并使用气相色谱-质谱法测定了肌肉中的脂肪酸组成和含量。结果表明:粉玉♀×野鲤组合的生长优势显著,试验末体重、绝对增重率与特定增重率均显著高于其他组合(P<0.05),且体重变异系数最低,养殖存活率最高;各杂交组合在12个可数形态性状上均无显著差异(P>0.05);所有杂交组合的外观体色表型均为青灰色,与杂交父本类似,但粉玉♀×野鲤杂交组合的黑色素细胞数量最多,而红色素细胞数量最少,与其他杂交组合存在显著差异(P<0.05);2个黑色素合成相关基因(Tyrp1Slc24a5)和2个类胡萝卜素相关基因(Bco1Scarb1)在4个杂交组合的皮肤组织均无显著的表达差异(P>0.05);4个杂交组合在常氧和低氧状态下,血液中相关酶活性呈现明显分化,但低氧胁迫后的粉玉♀×野鲤杂交组合的存活率明显高于其他组合;所有杂交组合肌肉中,6种风味氨基酸含量占46%以上,全红♀×野鲤杂交组合的粗脂肪含量及DHA+EPA总量显著高于其他组合(P<0.05)。综上,“粉玉”体色瓯江彩鲤具有较强的配合力和母本效应,是开展鲤配套系育种的良好遗传材料。

关键词: 瓯江彩鲤, 配套杂交, 生长性能, 体色, 营养品质

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to investigate the growth performance, coloration, blood biochemical indicators, and nutritional quality differences among the hybrid combinations of four selective lines of Oujiang color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color) with different body colors and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and to provide a theoretical foundation for development of the complete set lines breeding in common carp and the further germplasm utilization in Oujiang color common carp. A nested breeding design was employed to construct hybrid combinations by using the four selective lines of Oujiang color common carp with different body colors ("Quanhong," "Mahua," "Fenyu," and "Fenhua") as the female parents and wild common carp as the male parent. The growth performance of the hybrid offspring was evaluated by the same pool polyculture marker, and the countable traits of the external morphology were counted. The number and size of pigment cells were assessed using microscopic observation method, and the expression profiles of the color-related genes were tested using fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. The blood biochemical indices under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The amino acid composition and content in dorsal muscles were measured by an amino acid automatic analyzer, and fatty acid profiles and contents were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The hybrid combination of "Fenyu"♀ × common carp exhibited significant growth advantages, with significantly higher of the final weight, absolute growth rate and specific growth rate than the other combinations (P<0.05) and with the lowest coefficient of variation in body weight and the highest survival rate. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the 12 countable morphological traits across the four hybrid combinations. All hybrids exhibited gray coloration which was similar to the male parent, but the "Fenyu"♀ × common carp combination had the significantly highest number of melanocytes and the fewest number of erythrophore (P<0.05) compared to the other combinations. The expression levels of two melanogenesis-related genes (Tyrp1, Slc24a5) and two carotenoid-related genes (Bco1, Scarb1) did not show significant differences (P>0.05) among the skin tissues of the four hybrid combinations. The obvious fluctuation was observed in relative blood biochemical indices among the four hybrid combinations under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions; however, the "Fenyu"♀ × common carp combination exhibited notably higher survival rates under hypoxic stress than the other combinations. The six key flavor amino acids contributed more than 46% of the total amino acids in the four combinations, and the "Quanhong"♀ × common carp combination showed significantly higher crude fat content and total DHA + EPA levels than the other combinations (P<0.05). The "Fenyu" selective line of Oujiang color common carp exhibits strong compatibility and maternal effects in hybridization, and is a good genetic material for conducting the complete set lines breeding in common carp.

Key words: Oujiang color common carp, hybridization, growth performance, body color, nutritional quality