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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (19): 104-113.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400005

所属专题: 水稻 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

长时间尺度下气象灾害对湖南水稻产量影响分析

谭诗琪1, 范嘉智2, 颜石2, 陶笑笑3, 欧晋辉4, 罗红梅1   

  1. 1湖南省气象服务中心,长沙 410118
    2中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖南分院,长沙 410125
    3新疆省昌吉州气象局,新疆昌吉 831100
    4湖南省永州市气象局,湖南永州 425000
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-18 修回日期:2019-09-09 出版日期:2020-07-05 发布日期:2020-07-08
  • 作者简介:谭诗琪,女,1991年出生,湖南郴州人,工程师,硕士,研究方向:专业气象服务、农业气象灾害。通信地址:410118 湖南省长沙市天心区芙蓉南路四段196号 湖南省气象服务中心,E-mail:rnpdw@outlook.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省气象局短平快科研项目“湖南省水稻天气指数保险研究”(XQKJ18B070)

Meteorological Disasters at Long-term Scales: Influence on Rice Yield of Hunan

Tan Shiqi1, Fan Jiazhi2, Yan Shi2, Tao Xiaoxiao3, Ou Jinhui4, Luo Hongmei1   

  1. 1Hunan Meteorological Service Center, Changsha 410118
    2Hunan Branch of Meteorological Cadre Training College of China Meteorological Administration, Changsha 410125
    3Changji Meteorological Bureau, Changji Xinjiang 831100
    4Yongzhou Meteorological Bureau, Yongzhou Hunan 425000
  • Received:2019-04-18 Revised:2019-09-09 Online:2020-07-05 Published:2020-07-08

摘要:

研究旨在探讨湖南省水稻受各气象灾害的时空分布规律。根据湖南省1980—2015年96个气象站点的气象资料以及水稻面积与产量数据,采用ArcGIS对农业气象灾害进行空间分析,运用SPSS对水稻产量与气象要素进行相关性分析。结果表明,湖南省1980—2015年干旱、高温热害、洪涝灾害较为严重,寒露风发生频次较少。各区域SPEI干旱指数与水稻产量有一定负相关关系,干旱对水稻产量有一定制约;极端高温与晚稻产量呈负相关,对晚稻产量影响较大;早稻单产与最大日降水量、最大连续降水量以及4—9月总降水量在0.05水平上均有显著性负相关,洪涝灾害对早稻生产有着明显的抑制作用。该研究对水稻生产合理科学规划具有指导性作用,对规避农业气象灾害具有科学意义。

关键词: 气象, 水稻, 干旱, 高温, 洪涝, 寒露风

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of rice suffered from meteorological disasters during 1980-2015 of Hunan. Based on the meteorological data from 96 meteorological stations and data of rice planting area and yield from 1980 to 2015 in Hunan, we conducted spatial analysis on agro-meteorological disasters with ArcGIS and the correlation analysis between rice yield and meteorological elements with SPSS. The results showed that: the drought, heat damage and flood during 1980-2015 in Hunan were quite serious, and the cold-dew wind was less likely to happen; there was a negative correlation between SPEI and rice yield in each region, and the drought restricted the rice yield to some extent; there was a negative correlation between late-rice yield and extreme high-temperature; and there were significantly negative correlations between early rice per unit area yield and the maximum daily precipitation, the maximum continuous precipitation, and total precipitation from April to September at 0.05 levels, the flood disaster had obvious inhibition effect on early rice production. The results could provide guiding references for rational and scientific planning of rice production, and for avoiding agro-meteorological disasters.

Key words: meteorological, rice, drought, high temperature, flood, cold-dew wind

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