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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (28): 111-117.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000726

所属专题: 油料作物 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆生育性状与产量因子对不同土壤干旱等级的响应

殷世平1(), 朱海霞1, 赵慧颖1, 孙安辉2, 宫丽娟1, 李百超3, 李秀芬1, 姜丽霞1()   

  1. 1中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室/黑龙江省气象院士工作站/黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨 150030
    2庆安县气象局,黑龙江绥化 152400
    3黑龙江省气象局,哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-16 修回日期:2019-12-02 出版日期:2020-10-05 发布日期:2020-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 姜丽霞
  • 作者简介:殷世平,女,1972年出生,黑龙江勃利人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事应用气象等方面的研究工作。通信地址:150030 黑龙江哈尔滨市香坊区电碳路71号,Tel:0451-55101013,E-mail:shipingyin@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“东北地区大豆干旱形成的时序特征及多源协同诊断研究”(31671576);国家自然科学基金项目“基于生态位模型的高寒区大豆潜在适生性研究”(31801253);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金项目“东北黑土地退化的气候影响机制研究”(stqx2019zd02);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金项目“湿地生态系统生产力遥感监测方法研究”(stqx201903)

Breeding Traits and Yield Factors of Soybean: Response to Soil with Different Drought Grades

Yin Shiping1(), Zhu Haixia1, Zhao Huiying1, Sun Anhui2, Gong Lijuan1, Li Baichao3, Li Xiufen1, Jiang Lixia1()   

  1. 1Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China, China Meteorological Administration/Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang/ Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030
    2Qingan Meteorological Bureau, Suihua Heilongjiang 152400
    3Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau, Harbin 150030
  • Received:2019-10-16 Revised:2019-12-02 Online:2020-10-05 Published:2020-09-23
  • Contact: Jiang Lixia

摘要:

干旱是黑龙江省最主要的农业气象灾害之一。为明确大豆对干旱的响应机制,利用田间控水试验,研究播种出苗期和开花结荚期大豆在各干旱胁迫等级下各性状的生育特点。结果表明,播种出苗期大豆在干旱胁迫下,出苗缓慢;株高和地上、地下干物质、株荚数、株籽粒重明显偏低,空荚率偏高,其中重度胁迫空荚率比无胁迫大豆高99%;开花结荚阶段大豆遭遇中度以上干旱,光合量减少,植株相对矮小,而空荚率高,其中重度胁迫比无胁迫高81%以上;大豆花荚期是水分的敏感期,即轻度干旱也会造成较差的产量表现。大豆播种出苗期遭遇干旱胁迫后产量偏低,主因是出苗率低、生育期短,株籽粒重低和空荚率高是次要原因;光合量少、株荚数与株籽粒重下降,且空荚率高是开花结荚期产量低的综合结果。

关键词: 大豆, 控水试验, 干旱, 产量, 播种出苗期, 开花结荚期

Abstract:

Drought is one of the main agrometeorological disasters in Heilongjiang. To clarify the response mechanism of soybean to drought, we studied the breeding characteristics of soybean under different drought stress at sowing and seedling stage and flowering and podding stage by using the water control experiment in field. The results show that: seeds emerge slowly at sowing and seedling stage under drought stress, and the factors such as plant height, dry matter of aerial part, dry matter of root, pods number per plant and grain weight per plant are obviously low, and the sterility rate is relatively high, and the sterility rate under the extreme drought is up to 99% higher than that under no drought; soybean plants at flowering and podding stage under moderate drought stress and above have lower photosynthesis volume, shorter plant height and higher sterility rate, and the sterility rate under the extreme drought and severe drought is more than 81% higher than that under no drought; the flowering and podding stage of soybean is sensitive to moisture, the mild drought could cause poor production. In conclusion, soybean under drought stress at seedling stage could have low yield, which mainly results from low germination rate and short growth period, and the following cause is low grain weight per plant and high sterility rate; at flowering and podding stage, the low yield under drought stress is caused by less photosynthetic amount, reduced pods number and grain weight per plant, and high sterility rate.

Key words: soybean, water control experiment, drought, yield, sowing and seedling stage, flowering and podding stage

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