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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (22): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0536

所属专题: 园艺

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施肥量对柠檬幼树矿质养分、产量及品质的影响

杜玉霞(), 刘航秀, 李晶, 李进学(), 李丹萍, 寸待泽, 杨虹霞   

  1. 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山 678000
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-10 修回日期:2021-05-26 出版日期:2021-08-05 发布日期:2021-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 李进学
  • 作者简介:杜玉霞,女,1989年出生,云南大理人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树栽培与生理研究。通信地址:678600 云南省德宏州瑞丽市长青路13号,Tel:0692-6660150,E-mail: duyuxia117@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项“云南柠檬综合试验站”(CARS-26);云南省基础研究计划“柠檬不同砧木对镁吸收及转运效率差异的机制研究”(2019FD080);中国工程院院地合作项目“云南柑橘产业发展调查与柑橘新品种、新模式的试验及示范”(2019YNZH2);云南省科技厅科技计划项目“怒江特色柑橘产业提质增效适用技术集成与示范”(202003AD150014);云南省重大科技专项“云南特色水果品质提升与优势品牌创建”(2019ZG002);国家科技部国家重点研发计划“果树优质高效品种筛选及配套栽培技术研究”(2019YFD1001400);国家科技部国家重点研发计划“柑橘优质轻简高效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1000102)

The Effects of Fertilization Levels on Mineral Nutrition, Yield and Quality of Young Lemon Trees

Du Yuxia(), Liu Hangxiu, Li Jing, Li Jinxue(), Li Danping, Cun Daize, Yang Hongxia   

  1. Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan Yunnan 678000
  • Received:2020-10-10 Revised:2021-05-26 Online:2021-08-05 Published:2021-08-26
  • Contact: Li Jinxue

摘要:

连续3年开展不同施肥水平对柠檬幼树养分含量及果实产量、品质影响的研究,以期筛选出柠檬幼树适宜的经济施肥量。每株每月分别施用柠檬幼树专用肥0(CK)、10、20、40、80、160 g,测定各处理叶片、果实、果皮、果肉的矿质养分含量,每年统计单株产量及果实品质,探讨施肥量对矿质养分吸收和果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著增加叶片和果实N、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量。随着施肥量的增加,P、K含量先降低后增加,Ca、Mg、Fe含量则呈相反趋势,为先增加后减少。不同施肥处理3年总产量表现为40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g;肥料用量为40 g时的产量和品质最佳,其产量是对照的9.62倍,可食率、出汁率、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸分别增加26.97%、7.37%、38.21%、21.57%、39.38%。综合考虑植株的养分、产量和果实品质情况,推荐柠檬幼树生长中每株每月施用柠檬专用肥40 g。

关键词: 施肥量, 柠檬, 矿质养分, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This paper aims to study the effects of different fertilization levels on the nutrients’ content, yield and quality of fruits of young lemon trees by an experiment lasted three years, thus to screen the appropriate economic fertilization level for young lemon trees. By applying specific lemon sapling fertilizer of 0 (CK), 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g to each plant per month, we explored the effects on mineral nutrient absorption, fruit yield and quality of trees under different rate of fertilizer application. The contents of mineral nutrients in leaves, fruits, peel and pulp were measured, and the yield and fruit quality of each plant were counted every year. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the content of N, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in leaves and fruits. With the increase of fertilizer application, the content of P and K decreased first and then increased, the content of Ca, Mg and Fe increased first and then decreased. The total yield of 3 years under different fertilization treatments was as follows: 40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g. The yield and quality of fruits were the best under 40 g treatment, its yield was 9.62 times that of control, and its edible rate, juice yield, TSS, vitamin C and decidable acid increased by 26.97%, 7.37%, 38.21%, 21.57% and 39.38%, respectively. Considering the nutrient, fruit yield and quality, it is recommended to apply 40 g of special fertilizer to young lemon trees every month.

Key words: fertilizer application amount, lemon, mineral nutrients, yield, quality

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