丛枝菌根真菌对植物氮素吸收作用的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0761

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (27): 53-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0761

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

丛枝菌根真菌对植物氮素吸收作用的研究进展

高文礼(), 再努尔·吐尔逊, 桑钰, 马晓东()

新疆师范大学生命科学学院,新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,干旱区植物逆境生物学重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830054

收稿日期:2020-12-08 修回日期:2021-04-13 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-28
通讯作者: 马晓东
作者简介:高文礼,男,1994年出生,山东冠县人,在读研究生,研究方向：植物生理生态。通信地址：830054 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区新医路102号新疆师范大学,Tel：13565964564,E-mail： 371265555@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然基金项目“水盐胁迫下AMN介导的典型荒漠河岸植物氮磷吸收转运策略研究”(42067067);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“干旱胁迫下AMN对多枝柽柳幼苗和疏叶骆驼刺氮素吸收运移的作用机制”(2020D01A74)

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen Absorption of Plants: A Review

Gao Wenli(), Zaynur Turxun, Sang Yu, Ma Xiaodong()

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Urumqi 830054

Received:2020-12-08 Revised:2021-04-13 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-28
Contact: Ma Xiaodong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素是植物生长发育的必需元素,同时也是植物体内众多化合物的重要组成元素,对植物生长发育有着重要的意义。丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi, AMF)可以与80%的陆生维管植物形成互利的丛枝菌根共生结构,丛枝菌根真菌一方面通过寄主植物获得碳源,另一方面根外菌丝的存在增加了氮素的吸收范围,有效增强了土壤—丛枝菌根—植物三者之间氮素的交流,提高了植物对外界胁迫的适应能力,并且促进了生态系统中的氮循环。因此,以丛枝菌根共生体作为传输媒介,探索其在整个共生系统间氮素的吸收、转运及代谢机制成为生态学以及农业生产中的热点。本文从菌丝氮代谢、氮素的吸收形态以及共生体对氮素转运、交换三个方面,对丛枝菌根共生体氮素吸收循环机制的研究进展进行了一个系统的阐述,揭示了丛枝菌根氮素的利用特点及其在氮素循环中的重要作用,并提出了关于丛枝菌根共生体氮循环中的一些需要深入研究的科学问题。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 氮素, 菌根共生体, 菌根网络, 氮沉降

Abstract:

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development, and also an important component of many compounds in plants, which is of great significance to plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi (AMF) can form a mutually beneficial symbiotic structure with 80% of terrestrial vascular plants. AMF obtain carbon source through host plant, and the existence of extra root hyphae increases the absorption range of nitrogen, which could effectively enhance the nitrogen exchange among soil-AMF-plant, improve the adaptability of plants to external stress, and promote the nitrogen cycle in the ecological system. Therefore, using AMF as transport media to explore the mechanism of nitrogen absorption, transport and metabolism in the whole symbiotic system has become a hot topic in ecology and agricultural production. In this paper, the mechanism of nitrogen absorption and cycle in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts was systematically reviewed from three aspects: nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen absorption forms and nitrogen transport and exchange by symbionts. The authors revealed the characteristics of nitrogen utilization in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts and its important role in nitrogen cycle, and put forward some scientific problems on nitrogen cycle in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts needed to be further studied.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen, mycorrhizal symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhizal network, nitrogen deposition

中图分类号:

S314

高文礼, 再努尔·吐尔逊, 桑钰, 马晓东. 丛枝菌根真菌对植物氮素吸收作用的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(27): 53-58.

Gao Wenli, Zaynur Turxun, Sang Yu, Ma Xiaodong. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen Absorption of Plants: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(27): 53-58.

图/表 1

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丛枝菌根真菌对植物氮素吸收作用的研究进展

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen Absorption of Plants: A Review

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