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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 65-70.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0796

所属专题： 资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

兴安盟扎赉特旗主栽作物垄膜沟种集水效果分析

高春香1(), 张超群2(), 杨玉辉2()   

  1. 1内蒙古自治区气候中心,呼和浩特 010051
    2兴安盟扎赉特旗气象局,内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-15 修回日期:2021-02-20 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 张超群,杨玉辉
  • 作者简介:高春香,女,1964年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向：气候应用服务。通信地址：010051 内蒙古呼和浩特市海拉尔大街49号 内蒙古自治区气候中心,E-mail： 87953314@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    兴安盟气象局农牧业气象科学试验研究项目“兴安盟扎赉特旗主栽作物垄膜沟种效果分析”(xaqx2018-05)

Water Collecting Effect of Ridge Film Furrow Planting of Main Crops in Jalaid Banner of Xing’an League

Gao Chunxiang1(), Zhang Chaoqun2(), Yang Yuhui2()   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Climate Center, Hohhot 010051
    2Meteorological Bureau of Jalaid Banner, Xing’an League, Jalaid Banner Inner Mongolia 137600
  • Received:2020-12-15 Revised:2021-02-20 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Zhang Chaoqun,Yang Yuhui

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摘要：

内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗主栽作物（玉米、高粱、谷子、大豆和花生）采用垄膜沟种田间微集水栽培方式,使自然降雨向沟内富集,能够改善作物根区土壤水分环境,提高农田降水资源利用率。垄膜具有产流和控制农田土壤水分蒸发的双重作用,既可增加土壤贮水量,又能减少作物棵间蒸发,有效抑制了农田水分的非目标性输出。通过2018—2019年垄膜沟种田间微集水栽培方式,春玉米增产19.36%、高粱增产38.24%、大豆增产30.44%、谷子增产19.33%、花生增产3.46%。垄膜沟种田间微集水栽培方式对玉米、高粱、大豆、谷子增产显著,具有一定的推广价值,且田间微集水栽培省工省时,一年挖沟可多年利用,该项技术还有减少地表土壤风蚀和水土流失、增加地温、减少田间杂草等作用。

关键词: 主栽作物, 玉米, 高粱, 谷子, 大豆, 花生, 垄膜沟种, 微集水, 增产效果, 分析

Abstract:

The main crops (corn, sorghum, millet, soybean and peanut) in Jalaid Banner of Xing’an League of Inner Mongolia are cultivated by ridge film furrow cultivation with micro water collecting in field, so that the natural rainfall could be enriched into the ditch, which could improve the soil water environment of crop root zone and improve the utilization rate of farmland precipitation resources. Ridge film has the dual functions of runoff producing and soil water evaporation control. It can not only increase the soil water storage, but also reduce the evaporation between crops, and effectively inhibit the non-target output of farmland water. By using the cultivation method of ridge film furrow planting with field micro water collecting in 2018 and 2019, the results showed that the yield of spring maize, sorghum, soybean, millet and peanut increased by 19.36%, 38.24%, 30.44%, 19.33% and 3.46%, respectively. The cultivation method of ridge film furrow planting with field micro water collecting has certain yield increase effect on corn, sorghum, soybean and millet, and could save labor and time, and the furrows dug once could be used for many years. In addition, the technology could reduce surface soil wind erosion and soil erosion, increase ground temperature and reduce weeds in field.

Key words: main crops, corn, sorghum, mille, soybean, peanut, ridge film furrow planting, micro water collecting, yield increase effect, analysis.

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