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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (17): 7-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100062

所属专题: 小麦 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻茬小麦不同光效型群体的光合物质生产积累及转运差异分析

王妍, 徐俊, 游蕊, 朱敏, 朱新开, 郭文善()   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-19 修回日期:2020-03-19 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 郭文善
  • 作者简介:王妍,女,1994年出生,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培学与耕作学。通信地址:225000 江苏省扬州市文汇东路48号 扬州大学农学院,E-mail:wy100702@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“长江中下游稻茬小麦高光效群体构建机理与调控途径研究”(31771711);江苏省现代农业(小麦产业技术体系JATS[2019]445);国家重点研发计划“苏中稻-麦精准化优质丰产绿色增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0300802)

Photosynthetic Material Production, Accumulation and Transport Characteristics of Different Photosynthetic Efficiency Wheat Population in Rice-Wheat Rotation

Wang Yan, Xu Jun, You Rui, Zhu Min, Zhu Xinkai, Guo Wenshan()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009
  • Received:2020-01-19 Revised:2020-03-19 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-09
  • Contact: Guo Wenshan

摘要:

为给苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建和栽培措施调控提供理论依据,以‘扬麦23’为材料,结合聚类分析的方法,研究了不同光效型群体光合物质生产、积累和转运特征的差异。结果表明,不同小麦群体间产量、收获指数、光合势、花后干物质积累量和开花期高效叶面积率具有明显差异。高光效群体具有较高的产量、光合势、开花期高效叶面积率和干物质积累量;中等光效群体的收获指数显著低于高光效群体和低光效群体。在产量构成上,高光效群体具有较高的穗数和千粒重,同时,高光效群体及其剑叶在开花期的光合特性表现良好。在本试验播后及冬季多雨条件下,密度为225×104株/hm2,施氮量为270 kg/hm2且氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0以及密度为300×104株/hm2,施氮量为330 kg/hm2,氮肥运筹为5:1:2:2可作为产量达到8400 kg/hm2的苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建的密肥组合方式。

关键词: 稻茬小麦, 高光效群体, 密度, 氮肥, 光能利用

Abstract:

To construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu, a field experiment was carried out taking wheat variety ‘Yangmai23’ as material to investigate photosynthetic material production, accumulation and transport characteristics of different photosynthetic efficiency wheat populations with cluster analysis. The results showed that: the yield, harvest index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage had significant differences among different wheat populations. Compared with the low and medium photosynthetic efficiency population, high photosynthetic efficiency population had higher yield and photosynthetic potential, and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage and dry matter accumulation. The harvest index of the medium photosynthetic efficiency population was significantly lower than that of the high and the low photosynthetic efficiency population. For yield components, wheat population with high photosynthetic efficiency had higher panicle number and thousand grain weight, meanwhile, the photosynthetic characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency population and its flag leaves had good performance at flowering stage. After sowing and in rainy winter, the suitable combinations of Yangmai23 to construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu were 225×104 plants/hm2, 270 kg N/hm2, the proportion of 7:1:2:0 (basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer) and 300×104 plants/hm2, 330 kg N/hm2, the proportion of 5:1:2:2. The yield of these two combinations could reach 8400 kg/hm2.

Key words: wheat in rice-wheat rotation, high photosynthetic efficiency population, density, nitrogen fertilizer, utilization of light energy

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