水流对鱼类游泳行为和生理代谢的影响的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为掌握适合鱼类生长的水流条件,对国内外现有的鱼类在不同水流条件下的行为特征及生理代谢进行了系统性的回顾,分析了水流对水质的影响,对比了不同鱼类受水流刺激导致的行为上的差异,并从鱼类生理代谢角度分析了水流对鱼类的影响。结果表明：鱼类能够承受的最大流速一般与体长(Body length, BL)有关,较低的水流速度(<0.5 bl/s)对鱼类无显著性影响,较高的水流速度(>2 bl/s)对鱼类的行为、存活率和生理代谢产生较大的负面影响,而中等的水流速度(0.5~2 bl/s)适合鱼类的生长,能够提高鱼体免疫力,增强鱼体抗氧化水平。针对当前鱼类耐受流速的研究进行展望,从实验角度进行优化,以期获得更加准确的生长-流速曲线。

关键词: 鱼类, 水流, 水质, 游泳行为, 生理代谢

Abstract:

In order to grasp the water flow conditions suitable for fish growth, a systematic review was conducted on the behavioral characteristics and physiological metabolism of fish at home and abroad under different water flow conditions. The effects of water flow on water quality and the behavioral differences of different fish stimulated by water flow were analyzed and compared, and the effects of water flow on fish from the perspective of fish physiological metabolism was explored. The results show that the maximum water velocity that fish could withstand is generally related to body length (BL), and lower water velocity (<0.5 bl/s) has no significant effect on fish, higher water velocity (>2 bl/s) has more negative effects on fish behavior, survival rate and physiological metabolism, while medium water velocity (0.5-2 bl/s) is suitable for fish growth, which can improve fish immunity and enhance antioxidant level of fish. The current research on fish tolerance to water velocity was discussed and optimized from an experimental perspective in the study, in order to obtain a more accurate growth-flow velocity curve.

Key words: fish, water flow, water quality, swimming behavior, physiological metabolism

中图分类号:

S917.4

钱振家, 徐金铖, 余友斌, 张成林, 刘晃. 水流对鱼类游泳行为和生理代谢的影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(32): 133-138.

QIAN Zhenjia, XU Jincheng, YU Youbin, ZHANG Chenglin, LIU Huang. Effects of Water Flow on Fish Swimming Behavior and Physiological Metabolism: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(32): 133-138.

图/表 1

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对象	指标	低流速(<0.5 bl/s)	中流速(0.5~2 bl/s)	高流速(>2 bl/s)
养殖环境	水质	氨氮浓度升高	正常	正常
养殖环境	生物膜活性	正常	正常	降低
养殖鱼类	生长	正常	正常	存活率下降
	行为	逆流静止为主	逆流静止/逆流前进	逆流后退/顺流而下
	趋流率	一般	接近100%	100%
	乳酸	正常	较低	较高
	抗氧化能力	正常	增强	下降
	免疫酶活性	正常	升高	降低

对象	指标	低流速(<0.5 bl/s)	中流速(0.5~2 bl/s)	高流速(>2 bl/s)
养殖环境	水质	氨氮浓度升高	正常	正常
养殖环境	生物膜活性	正常	正常	降低
养殖鱼类	生长	正常	正常	存活率下降
	行为	逆流静止为主	逆流静止/逆流前进	逆流后退/顺流而下
	趋流率	一般	接近100%	100%
	乳酸	正常	较低	较高
	抗氧化能力	正常	增强	下降
	免疫酶活性	正常	升高	降低