植物钾营养胁迫研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0495

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

品质元素“钾”是植物生长过程中不可缺少的大量营养元素之一，环境中的钾含量过高或过低都会影响植物的正常生长，轻则致使植株的产量和品质有所下降，重则可能会导致植株的死亡。为了解决土壤缺钾和植物受钾胁迫的问题，归纳了钾营养胁迫概况、钾营养胁迫的形态学特征、钾营养胁迫对植物的影响、钾营养胁迫的生理生化变化以及钾营养胁迫在分子水平上的研究五个方面内容，从钾、钾营养胁迫、钾营养胁迫的表现症状总结了钾营养胁迫概况。从生长和形态学变化、光合作用、养分吸收、渗透调节和活性氧平衡、产量品质分析了钾营养胁迫对植物的影响。得到“植物钾营养胁迫的研究主要集中在生理生化和作用机制这两大方面，而对分子水平上的研究相对较少”的结论。强调了钾营养胁迫在分子水平上的相关研究进展，明确了钾营养胁迫研究的重要性和意义，并提出今后探究的侧重点应对植物钾营养胁迫的分子理化性质方面探究、适宜施肥方法和方式的研究（因地制宜、因植物制宜）、施肥工具的研发等三个方面的观点。

关键词: 钾, 钾营养, 缺钾症状, 钾营养胁迫, 施肥方法

Abstract:

Potassium, a quality element, is one of the essential nutrient elements in the process of plant growth. Too high or too low content of potassium in the environment will affect the normal growth of plants, reduce the yield and quality of plants in a way, even may lead to the death of plants. In order to solve the problem of potassium deficiency in soil and potassium nutrient stress in plants, this paper summarizes the general situation of potassium nutrient stress, the morphological characteristics of potassium nutrient stress, the influence of potassium nutrient stress on plants, the physiological and biochemical changes of potassium nutrient stress as well as the study of potassium nutrient stress in molecular level. The general situation of potassium nutrient stress is summarized from potassium, potassium nutrient stress and symptoms of potassium nutrient stress. The effects of potassium nutrient stress on plants are analyzed from growth and morphological changes, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, osmotic adjustment and balance of reactive oxygen, yield and quality. It is concluded that the research on potassium nutrient stress in plants mainly focuses on the physiological and biochemical aspect as well as the mechanism of action, while the research on the molecular level is relatively little. The research progress of potassium nutrient stress on molecular level is emphasized, and the paper also clarifies that the research of potassium nutrient stress is important and significant. Three points of view are put forward, namely, future research should focus on the molecular physical and chemical properties of plants coping with plant potassium nutrient stress, suitable fertilizing methods and modes (according to local conditions and plant conditions), and research and development of fertilization tools.

Key words: potassium, potassium nutrition, potassium deficiency symptoms, potassium nutrient stress, fertilizing method

杨晓燕, 夏体渊, 吴甜. 植物钾营养胁迫研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(18): 101-106.

YANG Xiaoyan, XIA Tiyuan, WU Tian. Potassium Nutrient Stress in Plants: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(18): 101-106.

图/表 1

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