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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (17): 9-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0688

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同形态和用量氮肥对玉米生长及氮素利用率影响

吴洪生1(), 马文舟2, 丁军1, 程诚1, 石陶然1, 周国华2, 刁勤兰2, 王晓云3, 蔡云彤3, 殷文4, 张金福5, 徐金益6   

  1. 1南京信息工程大学农业资源与环境系，南京 210044
    2盱眙县耕地质量保护站，江苏盱眙 211700
    3兴化市耕地质量保护站，江苏兴化 225700
    4泰兴市农业技术推广中心，江苏泰兴 225400
    5南京市高淳区耕地质量保护站，南京 211300
    6无锡市耕地质量保护站，江苏无锡 214000
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-09 修回日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-12
  • 作者简介:

    吴洪生，男，1964年出生，江苏泰州人，教授，博士，主要从事土壤改良、污染生态修复、植物-微生物-环境互作、温室气体减排方面的研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市江北新区宁六路219号，Tel：025-58799873，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省中央农业资源及生态保护补助资金科技项目[苏财农(2020)

Effects of Different N Fertilizer Forms and Doses on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

WU Hongsheng1(), MA Wenzhou2, DING Jun1, CHENG Cheng1, SHI Taoran1, ZHOU Guohua2, DIAO Qinlan2, WANG Xiaoyun3, CAI Yuntong3, YIN Wen4, ZHANG Jinfu5, XU Jinyi6   

  1. 1Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
    2Xuyi County Arid Land Quality Protection Station, Xuyi, Jiangsu 211700
    3Xinghua City Arid Land Quality Protection Station, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700
    4Taixing City Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400
    5Nanjing City Gaochun Arid Land Quality Protection Station, Nanjing 211300
    6Wuxi City Arid Land Quality Protection Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000
  • Received:2022-08-09 Revised:2022-10-28 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-12

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摘要：

为开展盱眙县中低产农田土壤酸化退化治理工作，改良土壤，提高酸化土壤肥料利用率，选择盱眙县古桑镇陈郢村农户张进文家承包田进行不同氮肥利用率及耕地质量提升试验。前茬作物是小麦，本次试验作物为玉米。试验设（1）对照不施肥；（2）复合肥(15-15-15) 525 kg/hm2+尿素225 kg/hm2；（3）复合肥675 kg/hm2+尿素225 kg/hm2；（4）复合肥525 kg/hm2+5%商品有机肥（地力丰）3000 kg/hm2；（5）复合肥675 kg/hm2+5%商品有机肥3000 kg/hm2，共计5个处理，3次重复，15个小区，随机排列，四周开沟分割小区。结果表明：不同形态和用量氮肥利用率在43%~56%，利用率较高；化学肥料氮素利用率比有机肥处理高，能够快速促进玉米生长和玉米生物量，随着氮肥施用量的增加，土壤氮素依存率下降，同样施肥量，有机肥土壤氮素依存率高于化肥；氮肥施用量越高，氮素农学效率越高，能够促进玉米生长和生物量，尤其提高玉米秸秆产量，有机无机复混肥氮素农学效率最高，但是并不能提高玉米籽粒产量。从氮素表观平衡看，复合肥施用量大大超过玉米吸入的量，有机肥相对较小。从氮素表观利用率看，随着施肥量增加而增加，但是复合肥的利用率低于有机无机复混肥，化学氮肥配合施用有机肥，可以提高氮素利用率，配合施用有机肥的氮肥利用率比单一施用化学氮肥，利用率提高24.90%，同时增加土壤有机质，因此，在中低产退化土壤的实际施肥过程中，要提高氮素利用率，建议有机无机配合施用较好。

关键词: 土壤, 氮肥, 夏玉米, 有机肥, 复合肥, 利用率

Abstract:

To control and manage soil acidification and deterioration in the middle-low yield farmland in Xuyi, the experiments of nitrogen use efficiency of different N fertilizer and improvement of arable land quality were conducted in farmer Zhang Jinwen’s field in Chenying Village, Gusang Town, Xuyi County. The former grown crop was winter wheat while the tested crop in this experiment was summer maize. The experiment was designed as follows: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2)525 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm2 of urea; (3) 675 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 225 kg/hm2 of urea; (4) 525 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer; (5) 675 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3000 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer, totally 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The random block plots were arrayed and ditches were dug around the plots. The results showed that the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for different forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizer was high, about 43%-56%. The NUE of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer stimulated the growth of maize plant and increased the biomass of maize. The N dependent rate in soil was decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer use. The N dependent rate in soil for organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer at the same amounts of N fertilizer. The more amounts of N fertilizer, the higher the apparent N agronomic efficiency, which could promote maize growth and biomass, especially increase maize straw yield. The highest apparent N agronomic efficiency was for organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, but it could not increase maize grain yield. From view of apparent N balance, the amount of compound fertilizer was much bigger than nitrogen taken up by maize while relative smaller for organic fertilizer. From the view of apparent N use efficiency, it was increased with the increasing of N amount. However, the NUE of compound fertilizer was far lower than that of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The elevated NUE and soil organic matter were obtained by chemical N fertilizer blending with organic fertilizer. It was concluded and suggested that the use of organic-inorganic fertilizer was better to improve the NUE during the fertilization in middle-low yield degraded arable land.

Key words: soil, N fertilizer, summer maize, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, N use efficiency