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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 71-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0929

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

建设世界作物园、保护未被充分利用作物

陶大云1(), 陈秀华2, 李林3, 杨雅云4, 屈云慧5, 杨芳5, 罗雁婕3, 万红辉6, 李立池2, 李露2   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，昆明 650200
    2 云南省农业科学院国际农业研究所，昆明 650200
    3 云南省农业科学院国际合作处，昆明 650200
    4 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，昆明 650200
    5 云南省农业科学院科研管理处，昆明 650200
    6 云南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所，昆明 650200
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14 修回日期:2023-01-13 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
  • 作者简介:

    陶大云，男，1962年出生，云南永仁人，硕士研究生，主要从事陆稻野生稻研究利用、农业科技国际合作交流。通信地址：650200 昆明市北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院国际合作处，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目“云南生物种业发展战略与实施路径咨询研究”(2022YNZH1)

World Crop Garden - Noah's Ark to Preserve and Utilize Orphan Crops

TAO Dayun1(), CHEN Xiuhua2, LI Lin3, YANG Yayun4, QU Yunhui5, YANG Fang5, LUO Yanjie3, WAN Honghui6, LI Lichi2, LI Lu2   

  1. 1 Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
    2 International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
    3 International Cooperation Division, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
    4 Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
    5 Scientific Research Management Division, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
    6 Agricultural Economics and Informatics Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200
  • Received:2022-11-14 Revised:2023-01-13 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

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摘要：

一万二千年前开始出现的农业革命，驯化了动植物，为人类文明的出现带来了曙光，为城镇、社会分工、社会发展、文化文明出现奠定了基础。据不完全统计，全世界有2489种作物，中国有大约600种作物，说明大约80%人类文明的结晶——作物没有进入中国的大门为我所用，而当前中国粮食生产对外来作物物种的依存度仅60%，这些未进入中国的未被充分利用作物都是人类文明的结晶，是进一步发展的基础。云南具有寒、温、热三带气候及现代科研体系，建有中国西南野生生物资源种质库、热带万种植物园及国家甘蔗种质圃等一批国家种质资源库（圃），应通过国际大科学计划、国际大科技工程、国际大科技网络引进中国没有的作物，开展国际联合研究，建设世界作物园，成为世界农业可持续发展的诺亚方舟，为应对气候变化、食物安全贡献中国智慧、中国方案，也是中国农业农村发展、科技发展的增长点、切入点、新内涵。

关键词: 世界作物园, 未被充分利用作物, 可持续发展, 诺亚方舟, 气候变化, 食物安全

Abstract:

Agricultural revolution that started 12,000 years ago domesticated plants and animals, brought dawn to the emergence of human civilization, and laid the foundation for cities, social division of labor, social development, and culture. As reported, there are 2489 species of crops in the world and about 600 species of cultivated plant in China, indicating that nearly 80% of crop species are absent in China. But dependence of China’s food production on outside crops is only 60%, which means that there is a big space for China to use outside crops for food production. The orphan crops or underutilized crops are fruits of human civilization and footstone for further development. There are three-belt climate of cold, warm and hot in Yunnan, China, where is the paradise for any crop to settle. Meanwhile the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Tropical Plants Garden, and National Nursery of Sugarcane Germplasm were established in Yunnan. Yunnan can further develop World Crop Garden as the Noah's Ark to preserve and utilize orphan crops via International Big Science Research Plans and Projects, and contribute China's wisdom and plan to deal with climate change, food security, and poor alleviation in the World.

Key words: World Crop Garden, underutilized crops, sustainable development, Noah's Ark, climate change, food security