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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (29): 79-85.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0916

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

且末县气候变化特征及其对棉花发育期和产量的影响

胡启瑞1(), 王雪姣1, 吉春容1,2, 杨明凤3(), 黄秋霞4, 王小军2   

  1. 1 新疆农业气象台，乌鲁木齐 830002
    2 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，乌鲁木齐 830002
    3 乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站，新疆石河子 832000
    4 昌吉州气象局，新疆昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-02 修回日期:2023-01-20 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 杨明凤，女，1985年出生，河南信阳人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业气象灾害科研及业务。通信地址：832199 新疆沙湾县乌兰乌苏镇友谊路38号 乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站，Tel：0993-5190114，E-mail：490109498@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    胡启瑞，男，1991年出生，甘肃武威人，工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：气候变化影响及农牧业气象灾害。通信地址：830002 新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区建国路327号，Tel：0991-2641852，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“滴灌模式下绿洲棉田干旱发生与致灾解除过程特征及其临界条件研究”(41975146); 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“基于多参数的棉花干旱胁迫光谱诊断模型研究”(2021D01B13); 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“气候变暖背景下北疆主棉区棉花高温热害风险区划”(2022D01A295); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费“气候变化对新疆南疆棉花关键物候期的影响研究”(IDM2022004)

Characteristics of Climate Change and Its Effects on Cotton Growth Period and Yield in Qiemo

HU Qirui1(), WANG Xuejiao1, JI Chunrong1,2, YANG Mingfeng3(), HUANG Qiuxia4, WANG Xiaojun2   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002
    2 Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorology Administration, Urumqi 830002
    3 Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological station, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
    4 Changji Meteorological Bureau, Changji, Xinjiang 831100
  • Received:2022-11-02 Revised:2023-01-20 Published-:2023-10-15 Online:2023-10-11

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摘要：

为探究气候变化对且末县棉花发育期和产量的影响，利用新疆且末县国家基准气候站1961—2021年气温、降水量以及日照时数等资料，结合棉花发育期和产量资料，采用线性倾向法、气候趋势率等方法，对且末县气候变化特征及其对棉花发育期和产量影响进行分析。结果表明：1961—2021年，且末县棉花生长季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温和5 cm平均地温呈线性上升趋势；降水量以及≥10℃积温和日数呈微弱增加趋势，日照时数呈现减少趋势；7—8月最高温度及高温持续日数呈显著升高趋势。且末县初霜日出推后，终霜日提前，无霜期日数显著增多。棉花出苗期至开花期与生育期内的气温和地面温度呈负相关关系，吐絮期至收获期与气温和地面温度呈正相关关系。且末县棉花伏桃数与平均最低气温和≥10℃积温为呈正相关，棉花产量与气温、日照时数和5 cm地面温度呈正相关关系。气候变化背景下且末县棉花播种至开花期提前，吐絮期和收获期推迟，全生育期延长。且末县棉花生长季热量资源的增加总体有利于棉花产量及品质的提高，但应注意夏季气温过高对棉铃发育的不利影响。

关键词: 气候变化, 发育期, 产量, 棉花

Abstract:

To explore the characteristics of climate change and its influence on development period and yield of cotton, based on the data of temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of Qiemo national benchmark climate station from 1961 to 2021, and combined with the data of development period and yield of cotton, the authors analyzed the characteristics of climate change and its impact on cotton development period and yield by using linear trend method and climate trend rate. The results showed that: 1961 to 2021, the average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and 5 cm average ground temperature in the growing season of Qiemo County showed linear upward trends; the precipitation and the ≥10℃ accumulated temperatures showed slight increase trends, sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend; the maximum temperature and high temperature duration days from July to August showed significant upward trends. The first frost date was postponed, the last frost date was advanced, and the number of frost-free days increased significantly. There was a negative correlation between air temperature and ground temperature from seedling stage to flowering stage, and a positive correlation between air temperature and ground temperature from boll opening stage to harvest stage. The number of cotton bolls was positively correlated with the average minimum temperature and ≥10°C accumulated temperature. The cotton yield was positively correlated with air temperature, sunshine hours and 5 cm ground temperature. Under the climate change, the sowing to flowering period of cotton in Qiemo County was advanced, the mature stage was delayed, and the whole growth period was prolonged. The increase of heat resources in the growing season of cotton was generally conducive to the improvement of cotton yield and quality, but we should pay attention to the adverse effects of high temperature in summer on the development of cotton bolls in Qiemo County.

Key words: climate change, development period, yield, cotton