冬小麦-夏玉米周年“四密一稀”浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿色生产技术

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0147

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (29): 59-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0147

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

冬小麦-夏玉米周年“四密一稀”浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿色生产技术

郝展宏¹(), 叶松林¹, 蔡东玉¹, 张丽娟², 米国华¹()

¹ 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
² 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院，河北保定 071001

收稿日期:2024-02-29 修回日期:2024-06-15 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
通讯作者:
米国华，男，1965年出生，教授，博士，主要从事作物高产高效的生物学机制、实现途径与技术研发方面的研究。Tel：010-62734454，E-mail：miguohua@cau.edu.cn。
作者简介:
郝展宏，男，1995年出生，博士研究生，主要从事小麦-玉米资源高效利用研究。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号中国农业大学西校区资源与环境学院，E-mail：zhanhonghao2018@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“障碍良田水肥智能调控与养分增效关键技术、产品及应用”(2021YFD1901003)

Green Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Synchronizing Technology Characterized of ‘Four to One Narrow-Wide Strip Planting’ Plus Shallow Subsoil Drip Fertigation for Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System

HAO Zhanhong¹(), YE Songlin¹, CAI Dongyu¹, ZHANG Lijuan², MI Guohua¹()

¹ College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
² College of Resources and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001

Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-06-15 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究针对黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米两熟区面临的出苗质量、播种—出苗期水分供应、灌溉施肥及时性及技术粗放等问题，并就进一步提高光温水肥资源利用效率是实现该区域粮食单产提升和绿色发展的重要途径等，从2018年起开展了一系列创新研究。通过实施冬小麦“四密一稀”条带种植配套卫星导航播种技术、冬小麦-夏玉米周年浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化技术等关键核心技术，结合配套现代化农机与信息技术装备，形成了一套集成的“冬小麦-夏玉米周年‘四密一稀’浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿色生产技术”。2010—2023年田间示范表明，该技术有效解决了上述生产难题，达到了小麦玉米周年增产和水肥资源高效利用的目标。与农民传统相比，小麦增产9%~17%，玉米增产12%~14%，周年节水450~ 750 m³/hm²，节肥20%，节约人工成本2250~3000元/hm²。该技术为黄淮海区冬小麦-夏玉米周年绿色高产提供了新的可行性方案。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米, 四密一稀, 条带种植, 卫星导航, 浅埋滴灌, 水肥药一体化, 光温资源, 产量, 增产, 绿色生产技术, 资源利用效率

Abstract:

The Huang-Huai-Hai region is a significant production area for winter wheat and summer maize in China. Currently, the limiting factors include poor maize seeding quality due to no-tillage planting after wheat harvesting, difficulty in irrigation during the sowing to emergence period, untimely irrigation and fertilization, and poor farming techniques. Further enhancement of the use efficiency of radiation, temperature, water and fertilizer resources is the crucial way to achieve high grain yield and sustainable, green agricultural development in this region. To addresses these challenges, since 2018, we have innovated a comprehensive solution integrating several new technologies including the “four to one narrow-wide strip planting” for winter wheat, satellite-guided precision planting, annual shallow subsoil drip irrigation for synchronizing water-fertilizer-pesticide management. The corresponding modern agricultural machinery and information technology have been also matched. The integrated technique is called “Green water-fertilizer-pesticide synchronizing technology characterized of ‘four to one narrow-wide strip planting’ plus shallow subsoil drip fertigation for winter wheat-summer maize cropping system”. The field demonstration experiments conducted between 2010 and 2023 indicated that this novel comprehensive technology effectively addressed the aforementioned challenges and achieved both high yield and efficient resource utilization. Compared with traditional farmer practice, the new technology increased grain yield by 9%-17% in winter wheat and by 12%-14% in summer maize. The new technology also saved water input by 450-750 m³/hm², fertilizer input by 20%, and labor cost by 2250-3000 yuan/hm². This comprehensive technology provides a novel feasible solution for the green and high-yielding production of winter wheat and summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: winter wheat and summer maize, four to one narrow-wide, strip planting, satellite navigation, shallow subsoil drip irrigation, integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide, radiation and temperature resources, yield, increased production, green production technology, resource utilization efficiency

郝展宏, 叶松林, 蔡东玉, 张丽娟, 米国华. 冬小麦-夏玉米周年“四密一稀”浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿色生产技术[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(29): 59-64.

HAO Zhanhong, YE Songlin, CAI Dongyu, ZHANG Lijuan, MI Guohua. Green Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Synchronizing Technology Characterized of ‘Four to One Narrow-Wide Strip Planting’ Plus Shallow Subsoil Drip Fertigation for Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(29): 59-64.

图/表 6

图1. 冬小麦-夏玉米周年“四密一稀”条带种植模式图

图2. 小麦播种出苗效果左图为四密一稀卫星导航模式下的小麦出苗情况，右图为农户对照

图3. 玉米播种出苗效果左图为四密一稀卫星导航模式下的玉米出苗情况，右图为农户对照

图4. 与四密一稀种植模式配套的浅埋滴灌技术及浅埋滴灌效果

图5. 浅埋滴灌模式下的玉米出苗效果（左图）与群体质量效果（右图）

图6. 在小麦播种机上加装浅埋滴灌设备左：农哈哈播种机，右：雷沃播种机

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冬小麦-夏玉米周年“四密一稀”浅埋滴灌水肥药一体化绿色生产技术

Green Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Synchronizing Technology Characterized of ‘Four to One Narrow-Wide Strip Planting’ Plus Shallow Subsoil Drip Fertigation for Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping System

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