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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (29): 52-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0139

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

沼液灌溉对南方低丘果园土壤碳氮磷积累与淋移的影响

商小兰1(), 徐著2, 张海娟3, 章明奎4()   

  1. 1 杭州市农业技术推广中心(杭州市植保植检中心),杭州 310020
    2 杭州市萧山区农(林)业技术推广中心,杭州 311200
    3 杭州市富阳区农业技术推广中心,杭州 311400
    4 浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23 修回日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
  • 通讯作者:
    章明奎,男,1964年出生,浙江绍兴人,教授,博士,主要从事土壤质量管理方面的研究。通信地址:310058 杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号 浙江大学紫金港校区环境与资源学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    商小兰,女,1980年出生,浙江淳安人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农业生态与农村能源的研究与推广。通信地址:310020 浙江省杭州市上城区杭海路768号 杭州市农业技术推广中心(杭州市植保植检中心),Tel:0571-86927287,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“长期全年淹水集约种植对水耕人为土性态演变与物质循环及生态功能的影响”(41977001)

Effects of Biogas Slurry Irrigation on Accumulation and Leaching of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Low Hilly Orchards in Southern China

SHANG Xiaolan1(), XU Zhu2, ZHANG Haijuan3, ZHANG Mingkui4()   

  1. 1 Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center (Hangzhou Plant Protection Plant Inspection Center), Hangzhou 310020
    2 Xiaoshan Agricultural & Forestry Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 311200
    3 Hangzhou Fuyang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 311400
    4 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2024-02-23 Revised:2024-07-08 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

摘要:

本研究旨在探究长期使用沼液灌溉对南方低丘果园土壤养分积累及淋失的影响。选择3个具有规模养殖场—沼气—果园循环系统的柑橘园(土壤类型分别为红砂土、红泥土和红粘土),在每一个果园选择无沼液灌溉(对照)、灌溉时间2~3 a和5~7 a的代表性样地,采样分析了不同深度土壤pH、容重、有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷及磷饱和度等指标。结果表明:长期沼液灌溉可显著提高果园0~30 cm土壤pH和有机碳,降低相应土层的容重,同时提高了0~45 cm土壤的活性有机碳。长期沼液灌溉可明显增加土壤中氮和磷的积累,其中全氮主要积累在0~30 cm土层,全磷主要积累在0~15 cm土层,有效磷在0~45 cm土层均有积累,有效氮积累深度可达60 cm以上。研究表明:由沼液引入的碳、氮、磷主要以活性形态(活性有机碳、NH4-N、NO3-N、有效磷)向下发生淋移,氮素的垂直淋移明显高于磷素。地表土壤有效氮和有效磷的显著积累及有效态氮和磷向深层土壤淋移表明,长期沼液灌溉存在氮和磷的流失风险。

关键词: 沼液, 灌溉, 果园, 氮, 磷, 环境风险, 土壤养分, 养分积累, 淋失风险

Abstract:

To understand the impact of long-term irrigation with biogas slurry as a water source on soil nutrient accumulation and leaching in orchards of the southern low hills, three citrus orchards with a large-scale pig farms-biogas-orchard cycle system were selected, and their soil types were red sandstone soil, red soil and bole soil, respectively. Representative plots for each of the orchards with biogas slurry irrigation time of 0 (control), 2-3 and 5-7 years were selected, soil samples at different depths were collected from all selected plots for measuring soil quality indicators, including pH, bulk density, organic carbon, active organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and phosphorus saturation. The results showed that long-term biogas slurry irrigation could significantly increase the pH value and organic carbon of 0-30 cm soil in orchards, reduce the bulk density of corresponding soil layers, and increase the active organic carbon of 0-45 cm soil. Long term biogas slurry irrigation could significantly increase the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soils, with total nitrogen mainly accumulating in the 0-30 cm soil layer, total phosphorus mainly accumulating in the 0-15 cm soil layer, and effective phosphorus accumulating in the 0-45 cm soil layer. The depth of effective nitrogen accumulation could reach over 60 cm depth. Research had shown that carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus introduced by biogas slurry mainly underwent leaching in their active forms (active organic carbon, NH4-N, NO3-N, available phosphorus) downwards, and the vertical leaching of nitrogen was significantly higher than that of phosphorus. The significant accumulation of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and the vertical leaching of available nitrogen and phosphorus into deep soil indicate the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in long-term biogas slurry irrigation.

Key words: biogas slurry, irrigation, orchard, nitrogen, phosphorus, environmental risks, soil nutrients, nutrient accumulation, leaching risk