欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 124-130.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0503

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻品种、生防菌及化学药剂对纹枯病的作用研究

赵玉姣1,2(), 杨秀荣2(), 李月娇2, 李广胜2, 孙淑琴2, 李志彬1()   

  1. 1 天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津 300384
    2 天津市农业科学院植物保护研究所,天津 300381
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-27 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 通讯作者:
    李志彬,男,1982年出生,河北人,高级农艺师,博士,从事水稻遗传育种研究。通信地址:300384 天津市西青区津静公路22号天津农学院,Tel:18622092236,E-mail:
    杨秀荣,女,1972年出生,天津人,正高级农艺师,硕士,从事病原真菌与农作物品种互作研究。通信地址:300381 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处天津市农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:18002139550,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵玉姣,女,1999年出生,山东人,硕士研究生,从事水稻遗传育种研究。通信地址:300384 天津市西青区津静公路22号天津农学院,Tel:17860520863,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    天津市水稻现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(绿色防控岗 ITTRRS2021100014); 天津市农业科学院种业财政专项“小站稻种质资源抗逆关键技术创新与应用”(2023ZYCX003-12); 天津市科技计划项目“滨海盐碱地高光效水稻新品种高效选育技术研究”(22YFZCSN00110)

Effects of Varieties, Biocontrol Bacteria and Chemical Agents on Rice Sheath Blight

ZHAO Yujiao1,2(), YANG Xiurong2(), LI Yuejiao2, LI Guangsheng2, SUN Shuqin2, LI Zhibin1()   

  1. 1 Tianjin Agricultural College, College of Agronomy&Resources and Environment, Tianjin 300384
    2 Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381
  • Received:2024-07-27 Revised:2024-10-15 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

摘要: 为有效防治水稻纹枯病,减少化学农药使用量,本研究旨在探讨水稻纹枯病的最佳防控策略。研究以水稻纹枯病菌的致病菌Rhizoctonia solani为靶标,从水稻品种的抗病性、生防菌的防控效果及化学药剂的抑菌活性等方面展开。结果显示,在水稻品种抗病性方面,‘原稻26’、‘郑稻22’、‘宛粳608’、‘新稻18’对纹枯病表现出中抗以上水平,且在2022年和2023年连续两年保持稳定的抗性表现。在生防菌防控效果方面,生防菌1340、BR-4和Dw-1防控效果最佳,抑菌率分别为76.7%、53.4%和75.0%。在化学药剂抑菌活性方面,化学药剂咯菌腈、噻呋酰胺、氟环唑、丙环唑抑菌效果较好,其EC50分别为0.07 mg/L、0.17 mg/L、0.24 mg/L和0.40 mg/L,纹枯病菌对这些药剂的抗药性倍数分别为0.41倍、1.84倍、4.07倍和0.65倍,均无抗性风险。基于以上研究结果,在防控水稻纹枯病时,可采取以下策略:优先选择连续两年对纹枯病表现中抗以上水平的水稻品种。对于发病较轻的地块,可使用生防菌进行预防;而对于发病较重的地块,则施用咯菌腈等活性高且病菌抗性风险低的化学药剂,以此实现对水稻纹枯病的高效防控。

关键词: 水稻纹枯病, 品种抗病性, 生防菌, 防效, 化学药剂, 活性, 抗药性

Abstract:

To explore the optimal control strategy for rice sheath blight and effectively manage its occurrence while reducing chemical pesticide usage, this study systematically evaluated rice cultivar resistance, biocontrol efficacy, and fungicide activity targeting Rhizoctonia solani. The results demonstrated that cultivars 'Yuandao 26', 'Zhengdao 22', 'Wanjing 608', and 'Xindao 18' exhibited consistent moderate resistance or higher to sheath blight across both 2022 and 2023 growing seasons; biocontrol strains 1340, BR-4, and Dw-1 showed superior control efficacy with inhibition rates of 76.7%, 53.4%, and 75.0% respectively; among chemical agents, fludioxonil, thifluzamide, epoxiconazole, and propiconazole demonstrated optimal fungicidal activity with EC50 values of 0.07 mg/L, 0.17 mg/L, 0.24 mg/L, and 0.40 mg/L respectively. Resistance factors were calculated as 0.41×, 1.84×, 4.07×, and 0.65×, all below resistance risk thresholds. Therefore, selecting cultivars maintaining moderate resistance for consecutive years, applying biocontrol agents in low-disease-pressure fields, and utilizing high-efficacy/low-resistance-risk fungicides like fludioxonil in severely infected areas will achieve efficient management of rice sheath blight while minimizing chemical inputs.

Key words: rice sheath blight, disease resistant varieties, biocontrol bacteria, control effect, chemical agents, activity, fungicide resistance