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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 159-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0587

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

高浓度亚硝酸盐急性中毒对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺及血液生化指标的影响

赵彦华1(), 马行空1, 田间2, 潘奕凡1, 葛家春1()   

  1. 1 江苏省淡水水产研究所，南京 210017
    2 江苏省河蟹产业研究中心，南京 210017
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12 修回日期:2025-01-04 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    葛家春，男，1973年出生，研究员，博士，主要从事水产种质与遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址：210017 江苏省南京市建邺区南湖东路90号 种质与育种研究室，Tel：025-86581575，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵彦华，女，1986年出生，副研究员，硕士，主要从事水生生物病害方面的研究。通信地址：210017 江苏省南京市建邺区南湖东路90号 病害防治研究室，Tel：025-86581573，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目“河蟹高产抗逆新品种选育”(JBGS〔2021〕126); 江苏现代农业（河蟹）产业技术体系(JATS〔2021〕370); 江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台项目(JSGB2018-06)

Effects of High Concentration Nitrite Acute Poisoning on Hepatopancreas and Blood Biochemical Indicators of Eriocheir Sinensis

ZHAO Yanhua1(), MA Xingkong1, TIAN Jian2, PAN Yifan1, GE Jiachun1()   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Nanjing 210017
    2 Jiangsu Crab Industry Research Center, Nanjing 210017
  • Received:2024-09-12 Revised:2025-01-04 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

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摘要： 为了研究高浓度亚硝酸盐急性中毒对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺及血液生化指标的影响，采用组织切片染色观察技术及生理生化检测等方法，设置5种试验浓度：10.16、21.13、30.06、41.11、51.04 mg/L，针对高浓度亚硝酸盐养殖状态下，急性中毒河蟹肝胰腺组织病理及血液生化指标进行研究。结果显示：急性中毒河蟹肝小管基膜皱缩，部分严重者破裂，肝胰腺细胞与基膜分离形成较大空隙，细胞界限不明显，排列紊乱且脱落至管腔，部分肝小管破裂、组织溶解，肝胰腺间质颗粒细胞浸润；血液中血细胞密度(DHC)升高，血淋巴中谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性增高，血糖(GLU)含量升高，甘油三酯(TG)含量下降，免疫学指标显示碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性升高，过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降。研究表明，高浓度亚硝酸盐急性中毒对河蟹肝胰腺组织具有不可逆的损伤，同时造成河蟹机体免疫力下降，影响河蟹正常的摄食和活动。当河蟹养殖水体中亚硝酸浓度为41.11 mg/L时，20 h死亡率为50%，24 h死亡率为60%；当亚硝酸盐浓度为51.04 mg/L时，8 h死亡率为50%，24 h死亡率为80%。本研究弥补了高浓度亚硝酸盐中毒时河蟹肝胰腺组织和血液生化指标变化的研究空白，为后续科研工作者提供了充分的研究数据。

关键词: 河蟹, 肝胰腺, 亚硝酸盐, 中毒, 组织病理, 生化指标

Abstract:

Tissue section staining observation technology and physiological and biochemical detection methods were used to study the hepatopancreas histopathological and blood biochemical indicators of acute poisoning of Eriocheir sinensis under high concentration nitrite farming conditions, five experimental concentrations were set: 10.16, 21.13, 30.06, 41.11, and 51.04 mg/L. The results showed that acute intoxication caused shrinkage of the basement membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubules in crabs, with severe cases resulting in rupture. The hepatopancreatic cells were separated from the basement membrane to form a large gap. The cell boundary was not obvious, and the arrangement was disordered and fell off to the lumen. Some hepatic tubules were broken, the tissue dissolved, and the stromal cells infiltrated; the hemocyte density (DHC) in the blood increased. In haemolymph of acute poisoning crabs, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the glucose content (GLU) increased, the activities of triglyceride (TG) decreased. Immunological indexes showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased but the activity of galkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased. The research indicated that acute high concentration nitrite poisoning caused great damage to the hepatopancreas and reduced the immunity of the crab, ultimately affecting the normal feeding and activities of the crab. When the concentration of nitrite in the water of Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture is 41.11 mg/L, the mortality rate is 50% at 20 hours and 60% at 24 hours; when the concentration of nitrite is 51.04 mg/L, the mortality rate is 50% at 8 hours and 80% at 24 hours.

Key words: Eriocheir sinensis, hepatopancreas, nitrite, poisoning, histopathology, biochemical indexes