叶面肥在农业生产中的作用与机制研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0601

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 132-139.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0601

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

叶面肥在农业生产中的作用与机制研究进展

侯晨薇(), 郭亚晴, 程诚, 王琪()

中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室/南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院，南京 210044

收稿日期:2024-09-25 修回日期:2025-01-08 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者:
王琪，女，1986年出生，江苏镇江人，副教授，博士，研究方向：主要环境微生物对气候变化的影响。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，E-mail：qiwang@nuist.edu.cn。
作者简介:
侯晨薇，女，2000年出生，河北保定人，硕士在读，研究方向：全球变化环境效应。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号，E-mail：202312340008@nuist.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“群体感应LasI-LasR系统在Pseudomonas taiwanensis WRS8减少小麦镉吸收中的作用机制”(42177020); 国家自然科学基金面上项目“不同臭氧敏感度小麦根际微生态对臭氧浓度升高的差异响应”(42377307)

Research Progress on Role and Mechanisms of Foliar Fertilizer in Agricultural Production

HOU Chenwei(), GUO Yaqing, CHENG Cheng, WANG Qi()

Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210014

Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2025-01-08 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在梳理叶面施肥对农作物的影响，综述了叶面肥的发展，对不同叶面肥的类型与特点进行了概述，总结了不同类型叶面肥在促进植物生长、缓解植物逆境胁迫方面的作用，并以叶面气孔和角质层为切入点归纳了叶面肥的作用机制。研究发现，当植物体内活性氧大量积累时，会降低光合效率，影响作物生长，通过叶面施肥可以增强农作物的抗氧化活性，调节光合活性、能量代谢和养分同化等生理过程来促进作物生长。最后对叶面肥在实际应用中存在的问题，以及如何深入挖掘叶面肥调控植物生长发育的作用机制进行了讨论与展望。

关键词: 叶面肥, 类型与特点, 促生作用, 缓解环境胁迫, 作用机制

Abstract:

This study aims to sort out the impact of foliar fertilization on crop productivity. Through extensive research on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, it reviews the development of foliar fertilizers, summarizes the types and characteristics of different foliar fertilizers, and concludes the roles of different types of foliar fertilizers in promoting plant growth and alleviating plant stress. Moreover, it takes the stomata and cuticle on the leaf surface as the entry point to summarize the mechanism of action of foliar fertilizers. Research has found that when reactive oxygen species accumulate in large quantities within plants, it will reduce photosynthetic efficiency and affect crop growth. Foliar fertilization can enhance the antioxidant activity of crops, regulate photosynthetic activity, energy metabolism and nutrient assimilation and other physiological processes to promote crop growth. Finally, the problems existing in the practical application of foliar fertilizers and the prospects for further exploring the mechanism by which foliar fertilizers regulate plant growth and development are discussed and prospected.

Key words: foliar fertilizer, type and characteristics, growth promoting effect, relieve environmental stress, mechanism of action

侯晨薇, 郭亚晴, 程诚, 王琪. 叶面肥在农业生产中的作用与机制研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(11): 132-139.

HOU Chenwei, GUO Yaqing, CHENG Cheng, WANG Qi. Research Progress on Role and Mechanisms of Foliar Fertilizer in Agricultural Production[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(11): 132-139.

图/表 2

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类型	主要成分	功能	参考文献
营养型	营养元素(N、P、K)等大量元素及 (Fe、Mn、Zn)等微量元素	改善作物的营养状况，补充根部施肥的不足，改善植物的缺素症	[3]
调节型	生长调节类物质即生物素、激素类物质	调控植物生长发育，改善作物品质	[15]
生物型	与作物共生或互生的微生物（如氨基酸、核酸、腐殖酸类物质）	促进作物的代谢及生长，减缓和预防病虫害	[16]
复合型	营养元素+调节类物质	提高作物光合作用效率，调节营养物质运输和分配，增强根系对土壤养分的吸收	[17]
肥药型	营养元素+农药或除草剂	补充营养、控制作物病虫害、增强作物抗病性及除草等	[18]

类型	主要成分	功能	参考文献
营养型	营养元素(N、P、K)等大量元素及 (Fe、Mn、Zn)等微量元素	改善作物的营养状况，补充根部施肥的不足，改善植物的缺素症	[3]
调节型	生长调节类物质即生物素、激素类物质	调控植物生长发育，改善作物品质	[15]
生物型	与作物共生或互生的微生物（如氨基酸、核酸、腐殖酸类物质）	促进作物的代谢及生长，减缓和预防病虫害	[16]
复合型	营养元素+调节类物质	提高作物光合作用效率，调节营养物质运输和分配，增强根系对土壤养分的吸收	[17]
肥药型	营养元素+农药或除草剂	补充营养、控制作物病虫害、增强作物抗病性及除草等	[18]

叶面肥在农业生产中的作用与机制研究进展

Research Progress on Role and Mechanisms of Foliar Fertilizer in Agricultural Production

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