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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 88-94.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0413

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于霜箱模拟试验的大豆鼓粒期霜冻指标构建

红梅1(), 吕淼2, 尹格根塔娜3, 张佳兴1, 张坤1, 姚晔1, 曲靖琦1, 唐红艳4()   

  1. 1 内蒙古自治区扎兰屯市气象局，内蒙古扎兰屯 162650
    2 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市气象局，内蒙古海拉尔 021008
    3 内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗气象局，内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗 021100
    4 内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心，呼和浩特 010051
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28 修回日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者:
    唐红艳，女，1966年出生，辽宁建平人，正高级工程师，硕士，主要从事农业气候资源利用及气象灾害监测预警技术方面的研究。通信地址：010051 内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    红梅，女，1981年出生，兴安盟科右中旗人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向为农业气象服务。通信地址：162650 扎兰屯市天骄家园 扎兰屯市气象局，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对内蒙古大豆适宜性的影响研究”(CCSF202025); 内蒙古自然基金项目“基于数据流学习的气象灾害预警在国家粮食和物资储备领域技术研究”(2025MS04044); 呼伦贝尔市气象局科学技术研究项目“大豆鼓粒-成熟期霜冻灾害指标研究”(hlbeqx202409); 大豆气象服务效益评估实验研究(nmqxkjcx202506)

Construction of Frost Index for Soybean Grain Filling Period Based on Frost Box Simulation Experiment

HONG Mei1(), LYU Miao2, YIN Gegentana3, ZHANG Jiaxing1, ZHANG Kun1, YAO Ye1, QU Jingqi1, TANG Hongyan4()   

  1. 1 Meteorological Bureau of Zhalantun City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Zhalantun, Inner Mongolia 162650
    2 Meteorological Bureau of Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hailar, Inner Mongolia 021008
    3 Meteorological Bureau of Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ewenki, Inner Mongolia 021100
    4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center, Hohhot 010051
  • Received:2025-05-28 Revised:2025-09-18 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

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摘要：

为明确大豆鼓粒期霜冻灾害指标，以当地主栽品种‘蒙豆13’为试验对象，在扎兰屯大河湾大豆试验基地利用霜箱人工模拟霜冻试验，结合大田霜冻调查进行验证。通过分析不同低温条件下大豆叶片、豆荚、茎秆的受冻率，以及不同低温程度及持续时间与受冻率的关系，采用回归分析法构建基于危害积温的大豆霜冻指标并验证其适用性。结果表明：（1）大豆鼓粒期间，叶片最易受冻，豆荚次之，而茎秆相对耐冻。（2）大豆鼓粒期受霜冻危害的临界温度为1℃；温度低于1℃后，大豆冻伤率和冻死率随着温度降低或者持续时间延长而增加，且当温度达到-1℃时增速尤为明显。（3）大豆鼓粒期冻伤率和冻死率与危害积温呈显著正相关，轻度、中度和重度霜冻的危害积温指标分别为0℃·h≤K≤3.9℃·h、3.9℃·h<K≤7.9℃·h和K>7.9℃·h。本研究明确了大豆鼓粒期霜冻灾害临界温度和不同程度霜冻的危害积温指标，可为大豆霜冻害监测、预警和评估提供技术支撑。

关键词: 大豆, 鼓粒期, 霜冻, 危害积温, 指标构建, 霜箱模拟

Abstract:

In order to clarify the frost disaster index of soybean in grain filling stage, this study took the local main cultivar ‘Mengdou 13’ as the test object, and used the frost box artificial simulation frost test and field frost investigation to verify it in the Dahewan soybean test base of Zhalantun. By analyzing the frost damage rates of soybean leaves, pods, and stems under different low-temperature conditions, as well as the relationship between temperature intensity, duration, and frost damage rate, a frost damage index based on accumulated harmful temperature (AHT) was established using regression analysis and subsequently validated. The results showed that: (1) during the grain-filling stage, leaves were the most frost-sensitive, followed by pods, while stems exhibited relatively higher frost tolerance. (2) The critical temperature for frost damage in soybeans was 1℃. Below this threshold, both frost injury rate and mortality rate increased with the decrease of temperature or prolonged exposure. When temperatures reached -1℃, the rates of frost injury and mortality increased significantly. (3) Frost injury and mortality rates were significantly positively correlated with AHT. The AHT thresholds for mild, moderate, and severe frost damage were 0℃·h≤K≤3.9℃·h, 3.9℃·h<K≤7.9℃·h, and K>7.9℃·h. This study determined the critical frost temperature and accumulated harmful temperature indices for soybean at the grain-filling stage under varying degrees of frost damage, providing technical support for the monitoring, early warning, and assessment of soybean frost damage.

Key words: soybean, grain-filling stage, frost, accumulated harmful temperature (AHT), indicator construction, frost box simulation experiment