基于RNAi育种的农作物病虫害联合控制研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0488

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 10-17.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0488

• 生物育种前沿共性技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于RNAi育种的农作物病虫害联合控制研究进展

郭芮¹^,²(), 曹晓伟¹^,², 郭伟¹()

¹ 中国科学院动物研究所，动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室，北京 100101
² 中国科学院大学生命科学学院，北京 100101

收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-07-20 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者:
郭伟，男，1980年出生，内蒙古包头人，研究员，博士，主要从事农业害虫暴发成灾机制的研究。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院5号动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室，Tel：010-64807217，E-mail：guowei@ioz.ac.cn。
作者简介:
郭芮，女，2002年出生，山东烟台人，研究生，研究方向：生态基因组学。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院5号动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室，Tel：010-64807217，E-mail：guorui243@mails.ucas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“重大蝗虫成灾机制与可持续防控技术研究”(2022YFD1400500)

Combined Control of Crop Pests and Diseases Based on RNAi Breeding

GUO Rui¹^,²(), CAO Xiaowei¹^,², GUO Wei¹()

¹ National Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity Conservation and Pest Control, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
² School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了构筑高效、可持续的RNAi育种防控体系，本综述归纳了RNAi技术在作物抗病虫中的应用潜力，总结了当前转基因RNAi作物的研发现状，分析了多靶点串联RNAi的设计策略与协同抗性机制；重点阐述了“dsRNA/microRNA稳定表达系统”“复合病虫害（小麦赤霉病-蚜虫、棉花黄萎病-棉蚜）联合控制模型”“延缓抗性进化的基因精准干预途径”等内容，指出递送效率低、dsRNA环境稳定性差及生产成本高仍是RNAi技术规模化应用的瓶颈。提出通过纳米载体-植物共生递送、串联表达多基因沉默盒、结合生态平衡监测的精准施放技术，有望在5~10年内实现多病虫害协同治理；认为该体系将推动农业向“基因精准干预+生态平衡维护”的可持续模式转型，为全球粮食安全提供关键支撑。

关键词: 病虫害, RNAi育种, 基因沉默, 串联表达, 多重抗性

Abstract:

To establish an efficient and sustainable RNAi breeding control system, this paper summarizes the application potential of RNAi technology in crop disease and pest resistance, reviews the current research and development status of transgenic RNAi crops, and analyzes the design strategies and synergistic resistance mechanisms of multi-target tandem RNAi. The key points of elaboration include the "dsRNA/microRNA stable expression system", the "combined control model of complex pests and diseases (wheat scab - aphids, cotton wilt - cotton aphids)", and the "precise gene intervention approach for delaying resistance evolution", etc. It is pointed out that low delivery efficiency, poor environmental stability of dsRNA and high production cost remain the bottlenecks for large-scale application. This paper proposes that through the precise release technology of nano-carrier-plant symbiotic delivery, tandem expression of multi-gene silencers, and combined with ecological balance monitoring, the coordinated management of multiple pests and diseases can be achieved within 5 to 10 years. It is believed that this system will promote the transformation of agriculture towards a sustainable model of "precise genetic intervention + ecological balance maintenance", providing key support for global food security.

Key words: pests and diseases, RNAi breeding, gene silencing, tandem expression, multiple resistance

郭芮, 曹晓伟, 郭伟. 基于RNAi育种的农作物病虫害联合控制研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(21): 10-17.

GUO Rui, CAO Xiaowei, GUO Wei. Combined Control of Crop Pests and Diseases Based on RNAi Breeding[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 10-17.

图/表 1

参考文献 62

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作物	靶标生物	关键靶基因	RNAi策略	表型效果
棉花	棉铃虫	CYP6AE14	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	降低对Bt毒素抗性
玉米	西方玉米根虫	dvssj1/dvssj2	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	幼虫运动/取食障碍
水稻	立枯丝核菌	MAPK1/MAPK2	表达hpRNA(HIGS)	病斑面积减小，抗纹枯病
水稻	稻瘟菌	CRZ1等6基因	多基因dsRNA(HIGS)	显著抗稻瘟病
小麦	禾谷镰刀菌	β-1,3-葡聚糖合酶等	表达dsRNA(HIGS/VIGS)	赤霉病抗性增强
小麦	叶锈菌	PtMAPK1/PtCYC1	表达hpRNA(HIGS)	持久高抗叶锈病
玉米	黄曲霉菌	p2c	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	降低感染及黄曲霉毒素
水稻	二化螟	csu-novel-260 (miRNA)	过表达昆虫内源miRNA	幼虫死亡率提高
小麦	麦蚜	SaZFP/SmDSR33	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	蚜虫死亡率上升，繁殖率下降
棉花	棉蚜	AgDPPS1	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	获得抗蚜虫新种质
玉米	亚洲玉米螟	OfSP等	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	抗玉米螟，减化学农药
玉米	蝗虫	mAChR-C	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	蜕皮畸形、死亡
水稻	蝗虫	miR-8-5p抑制剂	表达miRNA抑制剂	抑制群聚行为

作物	靶标生物	关键靶基因	RNAi策略	表型效果
棉花	棉铃虫	CYP6AE14	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	降低对Bt毒素抗性
玉米	西方玉米根虫	dvssj1/dvssj2	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	幼虫运动/取食障碍
水稻	立枯丝核菌	MAPK1/MAPK2	表达hpRNA(HIGS)	病斑面积减小，抗纹枯病
水稻	稻瘟菌	CRZ1等6基因	多基因dsRNA(HIGS)	显著抗稻瘟病
小麦	禾谷镰刀菌	β-1,3-葡聚糖合酶等	表达dsRNA(HIGS/VIGS)	赤霉病抗性增强
小麦	叶锈菌	PtMAPK1/PtCYC1	表达hpRNA(HIGS)	持久高抗叶锈病
玉米	黄曲霉菌	p2c	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	降低感染及黄曲霉毒素
水稻	二化螟	csu-novel-260 (miRNA)	过表达昆虫内源miRNA	幼虫死亡率提高
小麦	麦蚜	SaZFP/SmDSR33	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	蚜虫死亡率上升，繁殖率下降
棉花	棉蚜	AgDPPS1	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	获得抗蚜虫新种质
玉米	亚洲玉米螟	OfSP等	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	抗玉米螟，减化学农药
玉米	蝗虫	mAChR-C	表达dsRNA(HIGS)	蜕皮畸形、死亡
水稻	蝗虫	miR-8-5p抑制剂	表达miRNA抑制剂	抑制群聚行为

基于RNAi育种的农作物病虫害联合控制研究进展

Combined Control of Crop Pests and Diseases Based on RNAi Breeding

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