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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 10-17.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0488

• 生物育种前沿共性技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于RNAi育种的农作物病虫害联合控制研究进展

郭芮1,2(), 曹晓伟1,2, 郭伟1()   

  1. 1 中国科学院动物研究所,动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室,北京 100101
    2 中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-07-20 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通讯作者:
    郭伟,男,1980年出生,内蒙古包头人,研究员,博士,主要从事农业害虫暴发成灾机制的研究。通信地址:100101 北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院5号 动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室,Tel:010-64807217,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郭芮,女,2002年出生,山东烟台人,研究生,研究方向:生态基因组学。通信地址:100101 北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院5号 动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室,Tel:010-64807217,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“重大蝗虫成灾机制与可持续防控技术研究”(2022YFD1400500)

Combined Control of Crop Pests and Diseases Based on RNAi Breeding

GUO Rui1,2(), CAO Xiaowei1,2, GUO Wei1()   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity Conservation and Pest Control, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
    2 School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

摘要:

为了构筑高效、可持续的RNAi育种防控体系,本综述归纳了RNAi技术在作物抗病虫中的应用潜力,总结了当前转基因RNAi作物的研发现状,分析了多靶点串联RNAi的设计策略与协同抗性机制;重点阐述了“dsRNA/microRNA稳定表达系统”“复合病虫害(小麦赤霉病-蚜虫、棉花黄萎病-棉蚜)联合控制模型”“延缓抗性进化的基因精准干预途径”等内容,指出递送效率低、dsRNA环境稳定性差及生产成本高仍是RNAi技术规模化应用的瓶颈。提出通过纳米载体-植物共生递送、串联表达多基因沉默盒、结合生态平衡监测的精准施放技术,有望在5~10年内实现多病虫害协同治理;认为该体系将推动农业向“基因精准干预+生态平衡维护”的可持续模式转型,为全球粮食安全提供关键支撑。

关键词: 病虫害, RNAi育种, 基因沉默, 串联表达, 多重抗性

Abstract:

To establish an efficient and sustainable RNAi breeding control system, this paper summarizes the application potential of RNAi technology in crop disease and pest resistance, reviews the current research and development status of transgenic RNAi crops, and analyzes the design strategies and synergistic resistance mechanisms of multi-target tandem RNAi. The key points of elaboration include the "dsRNA/microRNA stable expression system", the "combined control model of complex pests and diseases (wheat scab - aphids, cotton wilt - cotton aphids)", and the "precise gene intervention approach for delaying resistance evolution", etc. It is pointed out that low delivery efficiency, poor environmental stability of dsRNA and high production cost remain the bottlenecks for large-scale application. This paper proposes that through the precise release technology of nano-carrier-plant symbiotic delivery, tandem expression of multi-gene silencers, and combined with ecological balance monitoring, the coordinated management of multiple pests and diseases can be achieved within 5 to 10 years. It is believed that this system will promote the transformation of agriculture towards a sustainable model of "precise genetic intervention + ecological balance maintenance", providing key support for global food security.

Key words: pests and diseases, RNAi breeding, gene silencing, tandem expression, multiple resistance