控释尿素配施秸秆生物炭对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0667

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究秸秆生物炭配施控释尿素对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响，以籼粳杂交稻‘甬优15’为试验材料，结合树脂包膜尿素，开展了连续2 a田间试验。试验采用随机区组设计，分析了生物炭与普通尿素、树脂包膜尿素配施条件下，水稻的产量、氮素吸收和氮肥利用率。结果表明：与全量施用普通尿素相比，一次性减氮20%的树脂包膜尿素处理能维持水稻的稳定产量，并显著提高氮素回收率（超过50%）。与单施普通尿素处理相比，生物炭配施普通尿素处理在第一年虽显著降低了水稻产量，但在第二年两者差异不显著。生物炭与树脂包膜尿素的配施并未削弱树脂包膜尿素的效果。总体而言，所有控释尿素相关处理均显著增加了水稻各部位的氮素含量，并有效提高了氮素回收效率。本研究为籼粳杂交稻的氮素高效施肥策略提供了理论基础和实践指导。

关键词: 秸秆生物炭, 籼粳杂交稻, 包膜尿素, 氮素利用率, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of straw biochar combined with controlled-release urea on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, a two-year field experiment was conducted using indica-japonica hybrid rice variety ‘Yongyou 15’ as test material and polymer-coated urea. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design to examine rice yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency under two biochar-based treatments: biochar with conventional urea, and biochar with polymer-coated urea. The results showed that, compared with conventional urea applied at full nitrogen rate, a single application of polymer-coated urea with 20% nitrogen reduction maintained stable rice yield and significantly increased nitrogen recovery efficiency (>50%). Compared with conventional urea alone, biochar combined with conventional urea significantly reduced rice yield in the first year, but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments in the second year. Meanwhile, biochar combined with polymer-coated urea did not compromise the positive effect of polymer-coated urea. All controlled-release urea treatments significantly increased nitrogen content in various rice plant parts and enhanced nitrogen recovery efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis and scientific reference for developing efficient nitrogen fertilization strategies for indica-japonica hybrid rice.

Key words: straw biochar, indica-japonica hybrid rice, coated urea, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

中图分类号:

S511稻

杨锌, 叶水烽. 控释尿素配施秸秆生物炭对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(14): 57-62.

YANG Xin, YE Shuifeng. Effects of Controlled-release Urea Combined with Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(14): 57-62.

图/表 6

参考文献 21

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月份	最高温度/℃		最低温度/℃		平均温度/℃		降雨量/mm
月份	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
5月	31.3	31.3	19.4	21.4	24.5	25.4	60.4	151.3
6月	27.7	31.6	21.7	22.6	23.9	26.3	392.2	211.5
7月	37.2	36.6	25.5	25.8	30.4	30.4	66.5	100.4
8月	29.6	36.7	25.4	25.9	29.6	30.1	149.1	49.4
9月	27.6	33.8	23.2	23.7	27.6	27.6	5.6	65.4
10月	21.1	24.8	16.9	14.0	21.1	18.6	23.1	95.7

月份	最高温度/℃		最低温度/℃		平均温度/℃		降雨量/mm
月份	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
5月	31.3	31.3	19.4	21.4	24.5	25.4	60.4	151.3
6月	27.7	31.6	21.7	22.6	23.9	26.3	392.2	211.5
7月	37.2	36.6	25.5	25.8	30.4	30.4	66.5	100.4
8月	29.6	36.7	25.4	25.9	29.6	30.1	149.1	49.4
9月	27.6	33.8	23.2	23.7	27.6	27.6	5.6	65.4
10月	21.1	24.8	16.9	14.0	21.1	18.6	23.1	95.7

处理	株高/cm	有效穗数/(穗/丛)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
CK	136.2±3.1 ab	7±2 c	355±72 c	92.64±1.30 ab	27.44±0.08 d
Biochar	135.7±2.9 ab	8±1 bc	399±45 bc	92.36±1.74 ab	28.71±0.24 ab
PCUB	140.3±1.3 a	9±2 ab	400±41 abc	90.01±1.85 b	27.95±0.10 cd
UB	134.1±1.3 b	8±1 bc	323±27 c	92.70±0.59 ab	28.88±0.81 a
PCU	136.8±3.8 ab	10±2 a	484±17 a	91.12±1.62 b	27.91±0.09 cd
U	135.0±1.0 b	8±2 abc	399±21 bc	94.78±1.14 a	28.17±0.17 bc

处理	株高/cm	有效穗数/(穗/丛)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
CK	136.2±3.1 ab	7±2 c	355±72 c	92.64±1.30 ab	27.44±0.08 d
Biochar	135.7±2.9 ab	8±1 bc	399±45 bc	92.36±1.74 ab	28.71±0.24 ab
PCUB	140.3±1.3 a	9±2 ab	400±41 abc	90.01±1.85 b	27.95±0.10 cd
UB	134.1±1.3 b	8±1 bc	323±27 c	92.70±0.59 ab	28.88±0.81 a
PCU	136.8±3.8 ab	10±2 a	484±17 a	91.12±1.62 b	27.91±0.09 cd
U	135.0±1.0 b	8±2 abc	399±21 bc	94.78±1.14 a	28.17±0.17 bc

处理	秸秆氮素含量		叶片氮素含量		籽粒氮素含量
处理	2017年	2018年	2017年	2018年	2017年	2018年
CK	0.16±0.03 bc	0.32±0.11 bc	0.31±0.01 c	0.77±0.07 b	0.83±0.08 c	0.95±0.02 bc
Biochar	0.17±0.02 bcd	0.26±0.04 c	0.34±0.02 bc	0.89±0.09 b	0.88±0.07 c	0.95±0.03 c
PCUB	0.31±0.04 a	0.45±0.09 ab	0.53±0.04 a	1.31±0.21 a	1.15±0.08 a	1.12±0.12 a
UB	0.25±0.10 abc	0.35±0.10 bc	0.27±0.12 c	0.75±0.17 b	0.97±0.04 bc	1.08±0.05 ab
PCU	0.26±0.03 ab	0.55±0.05 a	0.50±0.18 ab	1.00±0.27 b	1.11±0.12 ab	1.14±0.07 a
U	0.15±0.01 d	0.31±0.07 bc	0.33±0.04 bc	0.69±0.06 b	0.89±0.07 c	1.10±0.08 a