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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0669

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

川中丘区水肥施用方式对玉米干物质积累及产量影响

杜雪1(), 刘永红2,3(), 杨勤1,3(), 刘禹池1,3, 岳丽杰1,3, 陈玉锋1,3, 李影正1,4, 柯国华1   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院作物研究所(四川省种质资源中心), 成都 610066
    2 四川省农业科学院, 成都 610066
    3 丘区农业节水与绿色高效装备四川省重点实验室, 成都 610066
    4 粮油作物种质资源创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室, 成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    刘永红,男,1968年出生,四川泸州人,研究员,博士,研究方向:玉米耕作与栽培。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区静平路666号 四川省农业科学院,Tel:028-84504230,E-mail:
    杨勤,男,1981年出生,四川成都人,研究员,本科,研究方向:玉米耕作与栽培。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区静平路666号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所(四川省种质资源中心),Tel:028-84504230,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杜雪,女,2003年出生,四川泸定人,科研助理,本科,研究方向:作物栽培与耕作学。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区狮子山街道狮子路4号,四川省农业科学院作物研究所(四川省种质资源中心),Tel:028-84504230,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    西南玉米区专用品质与产量协同提升技术研发与应用(2023YFD2303305); ““1+3”种源关键技术攻关[2025(1+3)ZYGG-04-4]; 国家重点研发计划“西南丘陵区玉米、小麦薄弱环节农机农艺融合关键技术创新与集成”(2023YFD2301902); 国家成都农业科技中心地方财政专项“丘区(简阳)粮油全程机械化生产关键核心技术攻关”(NASC2024KY05); 丘区农业绿色高效节水技术与装备四川省重点实验室丘区玉米动态需水规律与智能灌溉技术研究(2025JDPT0109-05)

Impact of Water and Fertilizer Management on Maize Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield in Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan

DU Xue1(), LIU Yonghong2,3(), YANG Qin1,3(), LIU Yuchi1,3, YUE Lijie1,3, CHEN Yufeng1,3, LI Yingzheng1,4, KE Guohua1   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Sichuan Germplasm Resource Center), Chengdu 610066
    2 Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
    3 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of South Hilly Area Water-saving Agriculture Research, Chengdu 610066
    4 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Crops Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2026-03-11 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

摘要:

本研究旨在探究不同水肥施用方式对川中丘陵区玉米干物质积累、分配及产量的影响,解析水肥协同调控机制,为缓解灌浆初期干旱胁迫及构建机械化丰产技术模式提供理论依据。以玉米品种‘成单716’为材料,设置水肥一体化(YT)、水肥分离(FL)及空白对照(CK)处理,测定干物质积累、叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD、群体光合势和产量构成等指标,分析水肥施用方式的调控效应。研究表明:与CK相比,YT处理显著提高了玉米产量23% (P<0.05),千粒重增加了11%,穗粗、行粒数分别提升了3.1%和23.1%,秃尖率降低了45.7%。在干物质方面,YT处理的吐丝前营养器官干物质积累量、转运量及对籽粒贡献率分别较FL处理高8.8%、2.3%和1.7% (P<0.05);群体光合势方面,YT处理在R1-R (1+30 d)阶段较CK提高21.2%,乳熟期LAI显著高于FL和CK。YT处理的灌浆速率峰值提前至吐丝后23 d(乳熟期),最大灌浆速率较CK提高66.3% (P<0.05)。综上所述,水肥一体化通过优化干物质分配、增强光合势及加速灌浆进程,显著提升籽粒重与产量,该技术模式为川中丘陵区玉米抗逆丰产及水肥高效管理提供了有力的技术支撑。

关键词: 玉米, 水肥施用方式, 干物质积累与分配, 群体光合势, 产量

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different water and fertilizer application methods on dry matter accumulation, partitioning and yield of maize in the hilly region of central Sichuan, to elucidate the synergistic regulation mechanism of water and fertilizer, thereby providing a theoretical basis for alleviating drought stress during the early grain-filling stage and establishing a high-yield mechanized cultivation model. Using the maize cultivar ‘Chengdan 716’ as the test material, three treatments were implemented: integrated water and fertilizer management (YT), separate water and fertilizer application (FL) and a control group (CK). Parameters including dry matter accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, population photosynthetic potential, and yield components were measured to analyze the regulatory effects of different water and fertilizer management strategies. The results demonstrated that compared with CK, the YT treatment significantly increased maize yield by 23% (P<0.05). The 1000-kernel weight increased by 11%, ear diameter and kernel number per row increased by 3.1% and 23.1%, respectively. Moreover, the bald tip rate decreased by 45.7%. The YT treatment also resulted in higher dry matter accumulation, translocation, and contribution to grain yield from pre-silking vegetative organs compared to the FL treatment, with increases of 8.8%, 2.3%, and 1.7%, respectively (P<0.05). During the R1 to R(1+30 d) period, the population photosynthetic potential under YT was 21.2% higher than that of CK. At the milk stage, the LAI of YT was significantly greater than that of FL and CK. The peak grain-filling rate under YT occurred earlier, at 23 days after silking (milk stage), with a maximum grain-filling rate 66.3% higher than that of CK (P<0.05). In summary, integrated water and fertilizer management significantly enhanced kernel weight and yield by optimizing dry matter partitioning, improving population photosynthetic potential, and accelerating the grain-filling process. This study provided technical support for stress-resistant high-yield maize production and efficient water and fertilizer management in the hilly areas of central Sichuan.

Key words: maize, water and fertilizer application methods, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, population photosynthetic potential, yield

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