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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 25-33.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0733

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

南疆麦后免耕夏播大豆不同产量水平形成差异性分析

张占琴1,2(), 何宗铃3, 苏鑫1,2, 谭新4, 战勇1,2(), 张恒斌1,2()   

  1. 1 新疆农垦科学院， 新疆石河子 832000
    2 谷物品质与遗传改良兵团重点实验室， 新疆石河子 832000
    3 新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所， 新疆阿拉尔 843300
    4 第一师十六团农业和林业草原中心， 新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 修回日期:2026-04-17 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    战勇，男，1972年出生，新疆石河子人，研究员，硕士，主要从事大豆新品种培育与高产栽培技术研究。通信地址：832000 新疆石河子乌伊公路221号，Tel：0993-2696370，E-mail：；
    张恒斌，男，1981年出生，安徽阜阳人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与高产栽培技术研究。通信地址：832000 新疆石河子乌伊公路221号，Tel：0993-2696375，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张占琴，女，1983年出生，山西大同人，研究员，硕士，主要从事作物栽培与耕作研究。通信地址：832000 新疆石河子乌伊公路221号，Tel：0993-2696368，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    兵团自然科学支持计划“新疆复播大豆叶荚光合生理及荚、粒形成调控机制解析”(2025DA022); 兵团农业关键核心技术攻关项目“新疆小麦‘矮密早’+夏播作物高产优质栽培理论创新与推广应用”; 兵团科技特派员创新创业计划“南疆地区免耕复播大豆大面积产量提升关键技术示范与应用”(2025CC011); 新疆农垦科学院创新工程揭榜挂帅项目“麦后复种大豆、加工番茄提质增效关键技术研究与示范”(NCG202402); 国家重点研发子课题“耐盐碱大豆精准鉴定技术研究与品种筛选”(2023YFD2300101); 国家大豆产业技术体系石河子综合试验站“国家大豆产业技术体系石河子综合试验站”(CARS-04-CES23); 天山创新团队“大豆高产抗逆育种与超高产栽培创新团队”; 新疆现代农业产业技术体系“自治区大豆产业技术体系岗位专家”

Differences Analysis of Yields Formation in No-tillage Summer-sown Soybean After Wheat in Southern Xinjiang

ZHANG Zhanqin1,2(), HE Zongling3, SU Xin1,2, TAN Xin4, ZHAN Yong1,2(), ZHANG Hengbin1,2()   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
    2 Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
    3 Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alaer, Xinjiang 843300
    4 Agricultural, Forestry and Grassland Center of 16th Regiment, 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alaer, Xinjiang 843300
  • Received:2025-08-25 Revised:2026-04-17 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

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摘要：

以创造新疆生产建设兵团夏播大豆高产纪录的栽培模式为研究对象，通过与中、低产田对比分析，深入探究了不同产量水平下生育期内有效积温、水肥管理措施、干物质积累动态、叶面积与荚粒空间分布及产量构成等方面的差异，旨在明确夏播大豆高产形成的关键技术措施与群体结构特征，创建高产栽培模式。研究表明：夏播大豆采用免耕精播技术模式，在小麦收获后尽早播种至关重要。高产田夏播大豆从播种（滴出苗水开始）—成熟，历时104 d，生育期内≥10℃的积温为2496.72℃。总灌水量为4817.4 m3/hm2，总施肥量502.5 kg/hm2，且实现了各生育阶段的均衡灌水施肥。群体结构特征为：株高72.5 cm，收获株数38.4万株/hm2，单株粒数73.58粒，单株荚数30.00个，单株粒重12.07 g，干物质积累量9941.33 kg/hm2，收获指数0.46。在盛荚期，冠层光合有效辐射自下而上逐渐增强，叶面积指数(LAI)为4.03，主茎节数为13节，其中第6~11节的叶面积较大，籽粒分布相对集中。分析比较不同地块产量差异的原因表明：生育期内充足的有效积温、各生育时期的科学水肥投入、足够且长势均匀的群体数量是夏播大豆获得高产的关键。

关键词: 夏播, 免耕, 大豆, 不同产量, 差异

Abstract:

Taking the cultivation model that created the high-yield record for summer-sown soybeans in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as the research object, the differences in effective accumulated temperature during the growth period, water and fertilizer management measures, dynamic accumulation of dry matter, spatial distribution of leaf area and pods and grains, and yield components were analyzed by comparing with medium and low-yield fields to clarify the key technical measures and population structure characteristics for high-yield formation of summer-sown soybeans, and to establish a high-yield cultivation model. The research showed that it was crucial to adopt the no-tillage precision sowing technology mode for summer soybean planting, with sowing as early as possible after wheat harvest. The high-yield field of summer-sown soybeans took 104 days from sowing (with the emergence water dripping) to maturity, and the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ during the growth period was 2496.72℃. The total irrigation water was 4817.4 m3/hm2, and the total fertilizer application was 502.5 kg/hm2, with balanced irrigation and fertilization at each growth stage. The population structure characteristics were as followed: plant height was 72.5 cm, the number of harvested plants was 384000 plants/hm2, the number of grains per plant was 73.58, the number of pods per plant was 30.00, the weight of grains per plant was 12.07 g, the accumulation of dry matter was 9941.33 kg/hm2, and the harvest index was 0.46. During the podding stage, the photosynthetically active radiation gradually increased from bottom to top, the LAI was 4.03, the main stem had 13 nodes, and the leaf area and grain distribution were larger from the 6th to the 11th node. The analysis and comparison of the reasons for the yield differences among different plots showed that a higher effective accumulated temperature during the growth period, reasonable water and fertilizer input at each growth stage, sufficient population size, and uniform plant growth were the keys to achieving high yields of summer-sown soybeans.

Key words: summer sowing, no-tillage, soybean, yield levels, yield variation

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