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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 177-185.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0831

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

烘烤和晾制对雪茄烟叶代谢物转化结果的影响

程崖芝1(), 张姗姗2, 钟小丽3, 李安杰2, 谢海斌4, 吕勋5, 李雪山5, 戴培刚5, 张兴伟5(), 周东新2()   

  1. 1 福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所, 福州 350000
    2 福建省烟草公司三明市公司, 福建三明 365000
    3 福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司, 福建龙岩 364000
    4 福建省烟草公司南平市公司, 福建南平 353000
    5 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/中国农业科学院烟草遗传改良与生物技术重点开放实验室, 山东青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 修回日期:2026-05-05 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    张兴伟,男,1978年出生,吉林长春人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:雪茄烟叶重要性状解析及新品种选育。通信地址:266101 山东省青岛市崂山区科苑经四路11号 中国农业科学院烟草研究所,Tel:0532-88701032,E-mail:
    周东新,男,1974年出生,江西莲花人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:烟草遗传育种。通信地址:364000 福建省龙岩市龙岩大道288号,Tel:0597-2566112,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    程崖芝,女,1980年出生,福建福州人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向:烟草遗传改良和新品种选育。通信地址:350011 福州晋安区华林路378号 福州烟草大厦9楼920室,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司福建省公司科技项目“基于福建生态区优质雪茄烟品种筛选与良种良法配套集成示范研究”(2023350000200076); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程“烟草种质资源与生物育种”(ASTIP-TRIC01)

Effects of Baking and Air-drying on Metabolite Conversion Results of Cigar Tobacco Leaves

CHENG Yazhi1(), ZHANG Shanshan2, ZHONG Xiaoli3, LI Anjie2, XIE Haibin4, LYU Xun5, LI Xueshan5, DAI Peigang5, ZHANG Xingwei5(), ZHOU Dongxin2()   

  1. 1 Tobacco Science Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou 350000
    2 Sanming Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Sanming, Fujian 365000
    3 Longyan Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Longyan, Fujian 364000
    4 Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company, Nanping, Fujian 353000
    5 Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Open Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2026-05-05 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

摘要:

为明确烘烤与晾制对雪茄烟叶代谢物转化及香气品质的影响,筛选标志性差异代谢物,本研究以‘QX103’和‘QX108’2个雪茄烟叶品种为试验材料,采用柱前衍生化GC-MS与顶空固相微萃取GC-MS技术,对晾制和烘烤2种不同的调制方式处理后的材料进行代谢组学检测,对比不同调制方式烟叶挥发和半挥发性代谢物转化结果的差异。结果表明:柱前衍生化GC-MS技术获得172种半挥发性代谢物,构建OPLS-DA模型,筛选到56种差异代谢物,大部分差异代谢物在烘烤后的雪茄烟叶中上调。利用顶空固相微萃取GC-MS技术,在晾制后雪茄烟叶中检测出65种挥发性代谢物,烘烤后雪茄烟叶中有104种挥发性代谢物,46种为两者共有。差异代谢物通路富集在有机酸、糖类、氨基酸类、酯类等多种类型中。研究认为,2种调制方式对雪茄烟叶代谢物转化影响不同,烘烤后雪茄烟叶的易挥发致香性和半挥发性代谢物的数量及丰度水平均高于晾制后的雪茄烟叶,研究结果可为今后雪茄烟叶晾房设计建造、晾制工艺温湿度调控提供理论依据。

关键词: 雪茄烟, 代谢组学, 烘烤, 晾制, 差异代谢物, 通路分析

Abstract:

To screen the characteristic metabolites of cigar tobacco leaves and analyze the aroma differences of cigar tobacco leaves under baking and drying conditions, two cigar varieties, ‘QX103’ and ‘QX108’, were used as experimental materials. After treating the materials with drying and baking preparation methods, metabolomics detection was conducted to explore the differences in the transformation results of volatile and semi-volatile metabolites in tobacco leaves caused by different preparation methods. 172 semi-volatile metabolites were obtained through pre-column derivatization GC-MS technology. The OPLS-DA model was constructed, and 56 differential metabolites were screened out. Most of the differential metabolites were upregulated in baked cigars. By using the headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS technology, 65 volatile metabolites were detected in the cigars after drying, and 104 volatile metabolites were detected in the cigars after baking, among which 46 were shared by both. Differential metabolite pathways were mainly enriched in various types such as organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and esters. The effects of the two modulation methods on the metabolite transformation of cigar tobacco leaves were different. The quantity and abundance levels of volatile aroma and semi-volatile metabolites in the tobacco leaves after roasting were higher than those in the tobacco leaves after drying. It provides a theoretical basis for the design and construction of cigar drying rooms and the temperature and humidity control of the drying process in the future.

Key words: cigar, metabolomics, baking, air-drying, differential metabolites, path analysis

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