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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 108-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0735

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省冬小麦、夏玉米耕地地类单产比特征及其与耕地等别和地形的关系研究

樊鹏1,2(), 王国兵1(), 杨建波1, 王磊1,2, 杨喜会1,2, 杨青伟1,2   

  1. 1 河南省科学院地理研究所， 郑州 450052
    2 河南省科发地理研究所有限公司， 郑州 450052
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-03 修回日期:2025-11-19 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    王国兵，男，1989年出生，河南清丰人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：耕地安全利用与质量提升研究。通信地址：450052 河南省郑州市二七区陇海中路64号 河南省科学院地理研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    樊鹏，男，1984年出生，河南兰考人，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向：节水灌溉与土地资源评价。通信地址：450052 河南省郑州市二七区陇海中路64号 河南省科学院地理研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技研发计划联合基金“降水线北移对豫西耕地关键生态过程及耕地质量影响机制研究”(235200810045); 河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目“土壤塑料际微生物群落和抗性基因赋存特征研究”(20250601012); 河南省科学院科技智库研究项目“粮食安全背景下河南省耕地‘同等不同产’差异研究”(20250701002); 河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目“碳中和背景下重金属污染土壤植物管理及固碳协同增效作用机制研究”(20250601011)

Characteristics of Yield Ratios of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Cultivated Land in Henan and Their Relationship with Cultivated Land Grade and Terrain

FAN Peng1,2(), WANG Guobing1(), YANG Jianbo1, WANG Lei1,2, YANG Xihui1,2, YANG Qingwei1,2   

  1. 1 Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052
    2 Henan Kefa Institute of Geographical Sciences Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450052
  • Received:2025-09-03 Revised:2025-11-19 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

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摘要：

本研究旨在为提升耕地灌溉效率和优化管理提供科学参考。通过揭示河南省冬小麦与夏玉米在不同耕地地类（水田、水浇地、旱地）间的单产比例(PIR、PDR、IDR)空间分异规律，分析其与耕地等别及地形条件的耦合机制。基于河南省耕地等别数据库与乡镇级粮食单产数据（冬小麦2031个乡镇、夏玉米2000个乡镇），选取除淮南山地丘陵区外的8个分等因素指标区作为研究对象，采用面积加权法测算单产比例，运用趋势分析法拟合耕地等别与IDR的相关性，并结合地形分类阐释IDR的空间分异特征。结果表明：（1）指标区层面，冬小麦和夏玉米单产比差值的波动性均呈IDR>PIR>PDR的规律，其中冬小麦和夏玉米的IDR差值最大（分别为0.55、0.48），反映出水浇地与旱地的单产差异受区域条件影响最显著。（2）全省层面，因面积加权中和了区域异质性，导致单产比的区域差异缩小且规律弱化。（3）耕地等别与IDR呈显著正相关（耕地质量越好，IDR越大），且冬小麦IDR显著高于夏玉米，表明冬小麦对灌溉条件依赖性更强；冬小麦IDR对耕地质量的敏感性（斜率绝对值0.030）高于夏玉米(0.011)。（4）相同耕地等别下，地形崎岖度与IDR呈正相关（山地、丘陵区的IDR高于平原、盆地区）。研究表明，河南省冬小麦与夏玉米的耕地地类单产比具有显著的区域差异和尺度依赖性。建议实施差异化管理策略：优质耕地优先提升冬小麦的灌溉保障能力；劣质耕地需协同改良土壤和灌溉条件以提升粮食单产。

关键词: 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 耕地地类, 单产比, 耕地等别, 地形

Abstract:

To reveal the spatial differentiation patterns of yield ratios (PIR, PDR, IDR) among different cultivated land types (paddy field, irrigated land, dryland) for winter wheat and summer maize in Henan, the paper analyzed their coupling mechanism with cultivated land grade and terrain conditions, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving cultivated land irrigation use efficiency and optimizing cultivated land resources management. Based on the cultivated land grade database and township-level grain yield data (2031 towns for winter wheat, 2000 towns for summer maize) of Henan, 8 grading factor indicator zones (excluding the Huainan hilly and mountainous region) were selected as the study objects. The yield ratios were calculated using the area-weighted method. The correlation between cultivated land grade and IDR was fitted using trend analysis, and the spatial differentiation characteristics of IDR were interpreted with terrain classification. The results showed that: (1) at the indicator zone level, the volatility of yield ratios for both winter wheat and summer maize followed the pattern: IDR>PIR>PDR. The IDR showed the largest difference (0.55 for winter wheat and 0.48 for summer maize), indicating that the yield difference between irrigated land and dryland was most significantly affected by regional conditions; (2) at the provincial level, the regional differences in yield ratios were reduced and the patterns were weakened due to the area-weighted average neutralizing regional heterogeneity; (3) a positive correlation was found between cultivated land grade and IDR (the better the cultivated land quality, the larger the IDR). The sensitivity of winter wheat IDR to cultivated land quality (absolute slope value 0.030) was higher than that of summer maize (0.011); (4) under the same cultivated land grade, terrain ruggedness was positively correlated with IDR (IDR in mountainous and hilly areas was higher than that in plains and basins). The yield ratios among cultivated land types of winter wheat and summer maize in Henan exhibit the significant regional differences and scale dependence. Winter wheat shows a stronger dependence on irrigation conditions. It is suggested to prioritize enhancing the irrigation guarantee capacity for winter wheat on high-quality cultivated land; while for low-quality cultivated land, it requires synergistic improvements in both soil conditions and irrigation infrastructure to improve grain yield.

Key words: winter wheat, summer maize, cultivated land type, yield ratio, cultivated land grade, terrain