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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 88-97.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0821

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同稻秆覆盖量对辣椒生长及土壤细菌群落的影响

黄建凤(), 逄玉万, 吴昭云, 张木(), 黄巧义, 黄旭, 付弘婷, 李苹, 吴永沛   

  1. 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室， 广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29 修回日期:2026-01-11 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者:
    张木，男，1984年出生，河南信阳人，研究员，博士，研究方向：土壤改良与培肥研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区五山金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-38615519，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    黄建凤，女，1986年出生，广西桂林人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：土壤障碍因子改良及机理研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区五山金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-38615639，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划“耕地土壤酸化绿色防控技术研究与示范”(2023B0202010027); 广东省乡村振兴战略专项项目“秸秆替代地膜覆盖作物的模式研究”(粤财农〔2022〕92号)

Effects of Different Rice Straw Mulching Amounts on Pepper Growth and Soil Bacterial Community

HUANG Jianfeng(), PANG Yuwan, WU Zhaoyun, ZHANG Mu(), HUANG Qiaoyi, HUANG Xu, FU Hongting, LI Ping, WU Yongpei   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2025-09-29 Revised:2026-01-11 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

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摘要：

为探讨稻秆替代地膜覆盖辣椒的可行性及不同水稻秸秆覆盖量对辣椒生长和土壤环境的影响，本研究设置2种覆盖方式：地膜覆盖(DM)和稻秆覆盖，设置3个稻秆覆盖量[3000 kg/hm2(JG3)、6000 kg/hm2(JG6)和9000 kg/hm2(JG9)]，以无覆盖作为对照(CK)，对比不同处理辣椒产量、品质和土壤理化性质、酶活及细菌群落多样性的变化。结果显示，随着稻秆覆盖量的增加，稻秆的腐解率逐渐降低；然而，未完全降解的稻秆中积累的养分总量相对较高，JG9处理的稻秆碳、氮、磷、钾含量分别为313.07、4.30、1.16和2.48 g/kg，均高于JG3和JG6。稻秆覆盖显著提高了辣椒的株高、茎粗和产量，其中JG6处理的产量最高，达20627.90 kg/hm2。稻秆覆盖还有利于降低辣椒粗纤维含量、提高辣椒素含量、果长、鲜果重、果径和果肉厚，JG6处理的辣椒素含量、鲜果重、果径和果肉厚最高，达36.7 mg/kg、37.2 g、26.5 mm和3.56 mm。与地膜覆盖相比，稻秆覆盖显著提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性，以及土壤pH、总有机碳和有效磷含量。而DM处理的土壤pH显著下降，脲酶活性、总有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾含量均低于CK，但其有效磷含量显著高于CK。高通量测序结果表明，DM处理的细菌OTU、Shannon多样性指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数均低于CK，而稻秆覆盖处理则高于CK；各处理的优势种群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)，三者的相对丰度范围分别为30.49%~34.13%、17.19%~22.11%和10.26%~12.28%；DM处理的绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度显著高于其他处理，达12.95%。相关性分析表明，辣椒产量与OTU、Chao1、ACE、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)呈显著正相关，辣椒茎粗与绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)呈显著负相关，土壤pH、总有机碳含量、酶活性、速效钾含量与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)呈正相关。综合研究结果表明，稻秆覆盖量为6000 kg/hm2时，辣椒产量和品质优于其他处理，与地膜覆盖相比，稻秆覆盖更有利于提高辣椒产量和品质，并改善土壤环境。

关键词: 辣椒, 稻秆, 覆盖量, 土壤酶活性, 土壤细菌群落

Abstract:

To explore the feasibility of using rice straw mulching instead of plastic film and study the effects of different rice straw mulching amounts on pepper growth and soil environment, two mulching methods of plastic film (DM) and rice straw were conducted in this study, and three rice straw mulching amounts were set, including 3000 kg/hm2 (JG3), 6000 kg/hm2 (JG6), and 9000 kg/hm2 (JG9), with no mulching as control (CK). The changes of pepper yield and quality, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and soil bacterial community diversity in different treatments were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the rice straw decomposition rate was decreased with the increase of their mulching amount; the plant height, stem diameter, and yield were significantly increased in rice straw mulching treatments, and the highest yield was exhibited in treatment JG6 of 20627.90 kg/hm2. Rice straw mulching was also beneficial for reducing the crude fiber content of peppers, increasing the capsaicin content, fruit length, fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness. The highest capsaicin content, fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness were observed in JG6 treatment by 36.7 mg/kg, 37.2 g, 26.5 mm, and 3.56 mm, respectively. Compared with plastic film mulching treatment, the activities of soil acid phosphatase, sucrase, dehydrogenase, soil pH, total organic carbon, and available phosphorus content was significantly increased in rice straw mulching treatment, while in treatment DM, soil pH was significantly decreased. The urease activity, total organic carbon, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium content were all lower than those in CK. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the OTU, Shannon diversity index, Chao1 index, and ACE index in DM treatment were all lower than CK, while those in straw mulching treatment were all higher than CK. The dominant bacteria in all five treatments were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with relative abundance ranges of 30.49% to 34.13%, 17.19% to 22.11%, and 10.26% to 12.28%, respectively. Relative abundance of Chloroflexi in DM treatment was 12.95%, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that pepper yield was significantly positive correlated with OTU, Chao1, ACE, and Bacteroidota, while pepper stem thickness was significantly negative correlated with Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. Soil pH, total organic carbon content, enzyme activity, and available potassium content were positively correlated with Bacteroidota. Consequently, higher pepper yield and better quality were observed than other treatments when the rice straw mulching amount was 6000 kg/hm2. Compared with plastic film mulching, rice straw mulching improved the pepper yield, pepper quality, and soil environment.

Key words: pepper, rice straw, mulching amount, soil enzyme activity, soil bacterial community

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