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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 90-99.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0958

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

南涧高山白茶气候适宜性与气候品质评价

黄春娟1(), 徐安伦2(), 赵尹强3, 张国涛2, 彭娟4   

  1. 1 云南省南涧彝族自治县气象局, 云南南涧 675700
    2 大理国家气候观象台中国气象局大理山地气象野外科学试验基地,大理山地气象云南省野外科学观测研究站, 云南大理 671003
    3 南涧彝族自治县茶叶工作站, 云南南涧 675700
    4 贵州省罗甸县气象局, 贵州罗甸 550100
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-09 修回日期:2026-05-22 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    徐安伦,男,1981年出生,云南宣威人,正高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为山地气象学、大气边界层、陆面过程、碳达峰碳中和监测评估技术的研究与应用。通信地址:671003 云南省大理市大理古城东门果子园村大丽路东侧,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    黄春娟,女,1994年出生,云南腾冲人,工程师,硕士,研究方向为综合气象观测及高原特色农业气象服务。通信地址:675700 云南省大理州南涧县吉祥路7号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省基层台站气象科技创新与能力提升计划项目“南涧县春茶开采期预报及气候品质评价”(STIAP202335); 云南省科技厅科技计划项目“大理山地气象云南省野外科学观测研究站2025年验收后补助经费”(202505AW340002)

Evaluation of Climate Suitability and Climate Quality of Nanjian High-Mountain White Tea

HUANG Chunjuan1(), XU Anlun2(), ZHAO Yinqiang3, ZHANG Guotao2, PENG Juan4   

  1. 1 Nanjian Meteorological Bureau, Nanjian, Yunan 675700
    2 Dali National Climate Observatory, Dali Field Research Station for Mountain Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Dali Mountain Meteorology Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunan 671003
    3 Nanjian Tea Workstation, Nanjian, Yunan 675700
    4 Luodian Meteorological Bureau, Luodian, Guizhou 550100
  • Received:2025-11-09 Revised:2026-05-22 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

为明确南涧县高山白茶产区的气候资源优势及其对茶叶生长与品质形成的影响,本研究基于南涧县1个国家级气象站和9个区域自动气象站1991—2024年的观测数据,以及2020—2023年茶叶品质检测数据,通过构建气候适宜度模型与气候品质等级评价模型,定量评估了茶区的气候适宜性及春茶气候品质等级,并对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:(1)南涧高山白茶产区光、温、水资源匹配均衡,春季(3—5月)“多日照、低湿度、高太阳辐射”的气候资源组合,与白茶“不烘、不焙、不提香”的加工工艺高度契合,为形成其“自然甜”的核心风味奠定了气候基础。其中清明至谷雨时段为南涧县春茶采摘的黄金期。(2)南涧县全域春季茶叶生长的温度适宜度、光照适宜度、水分适宜度范围分别为0.73~0.99、0.73~0.87、0.26~0.52,综合气候适宜度为0.56~0.72;综合气候适宜度>0.60的区域与实际茶园分布高度吻合,其中无量山镇、乐秋乡、拥翠乡和碧溪乡为最适宜种植区。(3)2018—2024年,南涧高山白茶春茶期的气候品质等级主要为“优”级及以上,其中2019、2021、2024年达到“特优”级。利用16组独立茶叶样本对气候品质评价模型进行验证,准确率达87.5%,表明该模型具有良好的可靠性与实用性。本研究可为南涧高山白茶的种植区划优化、品质提升及品牌建设提供科学依据。

关键词: 南涧县, 高山白茶, 气候适宜度, 气候品质

Abstract:

To clarify the climatic resource advantages and their impacts on tea growth and quality formation in the high-mountain white tea producing area of Nanjian County, this study utilized observational data from one national meteorological station and nine regional automatic weather stations in Nanjian from 1991 to 2024, along with tea quality test data from 2020 to 2023. By constructing a climate suitability model and a climate quality grading evaluation model, the climate suitability of the tea-growing area and the climate quality grade of spring tea were quantitatively assessed, and the models were validated. The results show that: (1) the light, heat, and water resources in the Nanjian high-mountain white tea producing area are well-balanced. The unique spring (March to May) climatic resource combination of ‘abundant sunshine, low humidity, and high solar radiation’ aligns perfectly with the white tea processing technique characterized by ‘no drying, no roasting, and no aroma enhancement’, laying a climatic foundation for the formation of its core ‘natural sweetness’ flavor. The period around the Qingming to Guyu solar terms is the optimal window for spring tea picking in Nanjian. (2) The ranges of temperature suitability, sunlight suitability, and moisture suitability for spring tea growth across Nanjian County are 0.73-0.99, 0.73-0.87, and 0.26-0.52, respectively, with a comprehensive climate suitability index of 0.56-0.72. Areas with a comprehensive climate suitability index >0.60 show a high degree of overlap with the actual distribution of tea gardens, with Wuliangshan Town, Leqiu Township, Yongcui Township, and Bixi Township being identified as the most suitable planting areas. (3) From 2018 to 2024, the climate quality grade of Nanjian high-mountain white tea during the spring tea period consistently remained at ‘Excellent’ or above, reaching the ‘Special Excellent’ grade in 2019, 2021, and 2024. Validation using 16 independent tea samples yielded an accuracy rate of 87.5% for the climate quality evaluation model, indicating its good reliability and practicality. This study can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the planting zoning, improving quality, and enhancing branding of Nanjian high-mountain white tea.

Key words: Nanjian County, high-mountain white tea, climate suitability, climatic quality

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