欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (35): 88-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0130

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

咸阳北部地区苹果气候品质评价指标设计及区划研究

陈木兰1(), 李云溪2(), 查养良3, 缑耀武4, 段昊5, 武琼6, 高芮6   

  1. 1 彬州市气象局，陕西咸阳 713500
    2 礼泉县气象局，陕西咸阳 713200
    3 咸阳市园艺站，陕西咸阳 712000
    4 蒲城县果业发展中心，陕西渭南 715500
    5 永寿县气象局，陕西咸阳 713400
    6 旬邑县气象局，陕西咸阳 711300
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    李云溪，男，1991年出生，工程师，学士，研究方向：综合气象业务与农业气象。通信地址：713200 陕西省咸阳市礼泉县朝阳大街东段礼泉县气象局内 礼泉县气象局，Tel：029-35629278，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈木兰，女，1996年出生，工程师，学士，研究方向：综合气象业务与农业气象。通信地址：713500 陕西省彬州市公刘街8号 彬州市气象局，Tel：029-34922104，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27); 咸阳市气象局科技研究项目“咸阳北部地区苹果气象条件变化及品质评价研究”(2023SJZL-12)

Research on Evaluation Indicators Design and Zoning of Climatic Quality of Apples in Northern Region of Xianyang

CHEN Mulan1(), LI Yunxi2(), ZHA Yangliang3, GOU Yaowu4, DUAN Hao5, WU Qiong6, GAO Rui6   

  1. 1 Binzhou Meteorological Bureau, Xianyang, Shaanxi 713500
    2 Liquan County Meteorological Bureau, Xianyang, Shaanxi 713200
    3 Xianyang Horticulture Station, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000
    4 Pucheng County Fruit Industry Development Center, Weinan, Shaanxi 715500
    5 Yongshou County Meteorological Bureau, Xianyang, Shaanxi 713400
    6 Xunyi County Meteorological Bureau, Xianyang, Shaanxi 711300
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-09-18 Published:2025-12-11 Online:2025-12-11

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

5

摘要：

基于咸阳北部地区5个国家基本气象站1981—2020年气象观测数据，分析苹果生长与气象条件的关系，筛选影响苹果气候品质的关键指标（如果实膨大期平均气温、果实膨大期降水量、着色—成熟期日照时数等），构建适用于当地的苹果气候品质评价体系。利用层次分析法、加权求和法、多元回归分析法等方法建立苹果气候品质评价综合模型，并绘制了1981—2010年与1991—2020年两个时段咸阳北部地区苹果气候品质评价区划图。结果表明：两段时间咸阳北部地区苹果气候品质始终处于“优”等级区及以上，其中，1991—2020年苹果气候品质“特优”区占咸阳北部地区总面积的58.8 %，主要分布在长武与彬州的河道两侧、彬州东北部与东南部、旬邑西部与东北部、淳化中南部、永寿少量地区；苹果“优”等级区域占咸阳北部面积的41.2%，分布在除特级区域外的其他区域。与1981—2010年相比，“特优”区域面积占比无变化，但空间差异较为明显，长武大范围减少，彬州和永寿少部分减少，旬邑东北部明显增加。在全球变暖的大背景下，需不断优化苹果生长管理、引进新品种、提升气象防灾减灾能力等措施，提高苹果品质，维持咸阳苹果产业市场竞争力。

关键词: 苹果气候品质, 评价指标, 层次分析法, 空间区划, 咸阳北部

Abstract:

Based on the meteorological observation data of five national basic meteorological stations in northern Xianyang from 1981 to 2020, the relationship between apple growth and meteorological conditions was analyzed, key indicators influencing apple climatic quality(such as average temperature during fruit enlargement, precipitation during fruit enlargement, and sunshine duration during coloring-maturation,etc.)were identified to construct a locally applicable apple climatic quality evaluation system. The comprehensive model of apple climate quality evaluation was established by using analytic hierarchy process, weighted summation method and multiple regression analysis method, and the zoning maps of apple climate quality evaluation in northern Xianyang during 1981-2010 and 1991-2020 were drawn. The results showed that the climate quality of apple in the northern part of Xianyang was always in the “excellent” grade or above during the two periods. Among them, the “extreme excellent” area of apple climate quality from 1991 to 2020 accounted for 58.8% of the northern area of Xianyang. It is mainly distributed on both sides of the river in Changwu and Binzhou, northeast and southeast of Binzhou, west and northeast of Xunyi, central and southern Chunhua, and a small amount of Yongshou. The “excellent” grade area of apple accounts for 41.2 % of the area in the north of Xianyang, which is distributed in other areas except the “extreme excellent” grade area. Compared with 1981-2010, the proportion of “extreme excellent” area did not change, but the spatial difference was obvious. Changwu decreased in a large scale, Binzhou and Yongshou decreased in a small part, and the northeast of Xunyi increased significantly. Under the background of global warming, it is necessary to continuously optimize apple growth management, introduce new varieties, improve meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, improve apple quality, and maintain the market competitiveness of Xianyang apple industry.

Key words: apple climate quality, evaluation indicators, analytic hierarchy process, spatial division, northern Xianyang